Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 03.djvu/52

LEFT COBDEN 36 COBRA teus," "Legacy to Laborers," and "Ad- vice to Young Men." He died near Farnham in June, 1835. COBDEN, mCHABD, an English poli- tician, the "Apostle of Free Trade," born in Sussex, June 3, 1804. After receiving a meager education he was taken as an apprentice into a warehouse in London where he made up for the defects of his education by diligent self-tuition. In 1830 along with some relatives he started a cotton manufactory in Manchester, which in a few years was very successful. His first political writing was a pamphlet on England, Ireland, and America, which was followed by another on Russia. In RICHARD COBDEN these he advocated non-intervention in the disputes of other nations, and main- taining it to be the foreign policy of Eng- land to increase and strengthen her con- nections with foreign countries in the way of trade and peaceful intercourse. Having joined the Anti-Corn-Law League, formed in 1838, it was chiefly his efforts, together with Bright and other zealous fellow-workers, which won victory for the movement. In 1841 Cobden entered Parliament as member for Stockport, and after several years' effort induced Sir Robert Peel, then prime minister, to bring in a bill for the repeal of the com laws in 1846. Next year h« was chosen member for the West Riding of York, a constituency which he represented for 10 years. His business had suffered while he devoted himself to the agitation, and as a compensation a national subscription was made, and a sum of about $350,000 presented to hini. In 1859 he was chosen member for Roch- dale and declined, for the second time, a place in the government. He refused also a baronetcy and several other dig- nities. His last great work was the commercial treaty which he was the means of bringing about between Great Britain and France in 1860. He died in London, April 2, 1865. COBHAM, LORD. See Oldcastle. COBIJAI (k5-be'), or PUERTO LA MAR, a L. aport formerly belonging to Bolivia, now in the territory of Anto- fagasta, Chile. COBLE, or COBBLE, a low flat-floored boat with a square stem, used in salmon- fishery. COBLENZ (anciently Conflv^ntes, from its situation at the confluence of the Rhine and Moselle), a fortified town of Germany, capital of Rhenish Prussia, finely situated on the left bank of the Rhine in the angle between it and the Moselle, and connected by a pontoon- bridge over the Rhine with the fortress of Ehrenbreitstein ; this, along with its other fortifications is capable of accommodat- ing 100,000 men. The palace of the Elector of Treves was a Prussian royal residence. Its industries before the World War embraced cigars, machinery, champagne-wines, pianos, and it had an important trade in Rhine and Moselle wines. Coblenz was the headquarters of the American Army of Occupation, following the Armistice of November, 1918. Pop. about 60,000. COB NUT, a large variety of hazelnut. COBOURG, a town, port of entry, and county-seat of Northumberland co., On- tario, Canada; on Lake Ontario, and the Grand Trunk railroad; 69 miles N. E. of Toronto. It is the seat of a Wesleyan university, and has several woolen mills, car factory, foundries, newspapers, banks, and schools. Pop. about 6,000. COBRA, or COBRA DE CAPELLO, a species of snake, the Coluber Naja of Linnaeus, now called Naja or Naia tri- piidians. It belongs to the family Viperidae. The head has nine plates be- hind and is broad, the neck is very ex- pansile, covering the head like a hood, the tail round. The color is brown above and bluish-white beneath. When the disk is dilated the hinder part of it exhibits dark markings like a pair of spectacles