Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 03.djvu/467

LEFT DORIANS 406 DORKING t"I :,tr.r< But the greatest name of the Doi'ias is that of Andrea, born in One- glia in 1468, of a younger branch of the fanaily. After serving some time as a condottiere with the princes of southern Italy, he was intrusted by the Genoese with the reconstruction of their fleet. Disagreement with the Genoese factions drove him to take service with Francis I., of France, in which he highly dis- tinguished himself, and in 1527 he took Genoa in the name of the French king. But being displeased with the projects of Francis for reducing Genoa to a place of secondary importance he went over to the service of Charles V. (1529), carrying with him the whole influence and resources of Genoa. He re-estab- lished order in Genoa, reorganized the government, and though refusing the title of doge practically controlled its affairs to the end of his life. As imperial admiral he performed many services for Charles, clearing the seas of Moorish pirates and assisting the emperor in his expeditions to. Tunis and Algiers. In 1547 his authority was threatened by the conspiracy of Fieschi, and he narrowly escaped assassination in the tumult. He died in 1560. DORIANS, one of the great Hellenic races who took their name from the mythical Dorus, the son of Hellen, who settled in Doris; but Herodotus says that in the time of King Deucalion they in- habited the district Phthiotis; and in the time of Dorus, the son of Hellen, the country called Histiasotis, at the foot of Ossa and Olympus. But the statement of ApoUodorus is more probable, accord- ing to which they would appear to have occupied the whole country along the N. shore of the Corinthian Gulf. Indeed, Doris proper was far too small and in- significant a district to furnish a suffi- cient number of men for a victorious invasion of the Peloponnesus. In this remarkable achievement they were eon- joined with the Heracleidae, and ruled in Sparta. Doric colonies were then founded in Italy, Sicily, and Asia Minor. DORIAN MODE, or DORIC MOOD, the first of the authentic church tones or modes, from D to D, with its domi- nant A. DORIC LAND, Greece, Doris being an important part of it. DORIC ORDER, in architecture, the second of the five orders, being that be- tween the Tuscan and Ionic. Grecian Doric. — The earliest and most simple form of columnar edifice. The Doric column was first adapted to edi- fices having the proportions, strength, and beauty of the body of a man. A man was found to be six times the length of his foot, hence the plain doric columns were made six diameters in height. The Greeks composed their beautiful temples on this idea, and their simplicity and harmony are remarkable. Roman Done— An imitation of the Grecian, but in some of the best exam- ples the column is eight times the diam- eter in height; the shaft is quite plain except fillets above and below with es- cape and corvetto, and it diminishes one- fifth of its diameter. The capital is four-sevenths of a diameter high, and is composed of a torus which forms the hypotrachelium, and with the necking occupies one-third of the whole height; three deep fillets with a quarter-round molding are intended to represent the ovula and annulets of the Greek capital. The doric order, says Palladio, was in- vented by the Dorians and named from them, being a Grecian people which dwelt in Asia. The ancients employed the doric in temples dedicated to Minerva, to Mars, and to Hercules, whose grave and manly dispositions suited well with the charac- ter of this order. Serlio says it is proper for churches dedicated to Jesus Christ, to St. Paul, St. Peter, or any saints remarkable for their fortitude in exposing their lives and suffering for the Christian faith. The height of the doric column, including its capital and base, is 16 modules; and the height of the entablature, 4 modules; the latter of which being divided into eight parts, two of them are given to the architrave, three to the frieze, and the remaining three to the cornice. DORIS, a word of several applications, (1) The name of a country in Greece, S. of Thessaly, from which it was sepa- rated by Mount CEta. Also a colony of the Dorians in Asia Minor, on the coast of Caria. (2) A goddess of the sea, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, and wife of Nei-eus, by whom she had 50 daughters, called Nereids. (3) An as- teroid, the 48th found. It was discovered by Goldschmidt, on the date on which Pales was first seen by the same distin- guished astronomer. (4) A genus of gasteropodous mollusks, the typical one of the family Doridse. About 100 species are known. DORKING, a town in Surrey, Eng- land, 22 miles S. W. of London, noted for its breed of fowls. It is the scene of the fictitious "Battle of Dorking," an imagi- nary narrative of invasions and con- quest of England by a foreign army, written by Gen. Sir George T. Chesney in 1871.