Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 03.djvu/458

LEFT DOMENICHINO 396 DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE •was at Constantinople and in the Byzan- tine provinces that the dome was first employed in ecclesiastical structures. But it was the Romans who, in reality, were the inventors of the dome, as of all the other applications of the semi-cir- cular arch. Of their success in applying it to large buildings we have abundant proof in the ancient domes still to be seen in Rome and its neighborhood. The dome of the Pantheon is still probably the most magnificent dome in existence. The dome of St. Peter's, Rome; of St. Paul's, London; of the Capitol, Wash- lem. It stands on Mount Moriah, on tire site once occupied by the Temple of Solomon. Immediately under its dome an irregular-shaped rock projects above the pavement. This rock was the scene of many scriptural events, and has been greatly revered for ages. DOMESDAY BOOK, one of the most ancient and valuable records of England, framed by order of William the Con- queror, to serve as the register from which judgment was to be given upon the value, tenure, and service of lands therein described. According to some DOLPHIN ington; and of the old Boston State House, are notable examples also. The following are the dimensions of some of the most important existing domes: Feet diam. Feet high. Pantheon at Rome 142 143 Baths of Caracalla, Rome. . . 112 116 St. Sophia, Constantinople.. 115 201 St. Maria delle Fiore, Flor- ence 139 310 St. Peter's, Rome 139 330 St. Paul's, London 112 215 Capitol, Washington 96 220 St. Genevieve, Paris 67 190 DOMENICHINO (do-men-e-ke'no), a celebrated Italian painter, whose real name was DOMENico Zampieri; born in Bologna, 1581. He studied first under Denis Calvert, and then in the school of the Caracci. At about the age of 20 he went to Rome, where he acquired a great reputation, especially by his fresco of the "Flagellation of St. Andrew." He spent the latter part of his life at Naples. His chef-d'oeuvre is the "Com- munion of St. Jerome in the Church at Bethlehem," now placed in the Vatican, opposite "The Transfiguration" of Ra- phael. "The Martyrdom of St. Agnes," "Martyrdom of St. Sebastian," and his scenes from the life of the Virgin, are among his finest works. Domenichino was one of the victims of the malignant persecuting triumvirate of painters at Naples, where he died April 15, 1641. DOME OF THE ROCK, a name con- ferred on the Mosque of Omar, Jerusa- historians, the survey was begun in 1080 or 1083 ; according to others, at the close of 1085. The book itself records its completion in 1086. The work appears to have been known by the other names of "Rotulus Wintoniae (Roll of Win- chester) ; "Liber de Wintonia" (Book of Winchester, in consequence of its being at one period preserved in that city) ; the "Liber Censualis Anglise" (Rate- book of England) ; "Scriptum Thesauri Regis" (Record of the King's Treasury). DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE, a branch of the building art which has special reference to houses, villas, and edifices designed primarily for dwelling purposes. Ancient Greek and Roman. — In gen- eral all the rooms were grouped on the ground floor, round an atrium or court, and a peristyle or hall, which two por- tions of the house had he most impor- tance attached to them, because they con- stituted the favorite spot in summer on account of the breeze, and in winter on account of the sun. Both the Romap and Greek houses consisted of two divi- sions, but the meaning and employment of these divisions did not coincide; for whereas in Greek houses the front part constituted the andronitis or men's apartments, in Roman houses it formed the public part of the building, in which clients used to wait upon their patrons. The back part, on the contrary, was in- tended for the residence and real dwell-