Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 03.djvu/456

LEFT DOLET 394 DOLLIVEB lava. It includes much of the so-called trap, greenstone, and amygdaloid. DOLET, ETIENNE (d5-la'), "the martyr of the Renaissance"; bom in Or- leans, France, in 1509. At the age of 12 Dolet went to the University of Paris, where his attention was directed to the study which became the chief interest of his life — the writings of Cicero. In 1534 Dolet left Toulouse for Lyons where he killed a person of the name of Compaing. Having received the royal pardon, he continued to reside in Lyons, always un- der strong suspicion of heresy. At length, in 1544, he was found guilty of heresy on a charge mainly based on an alleged mistranslation of Plato, in which he was accused of denying the immortal- ity of the soul. After two years' impri- sonment, Dolet was burned in the Palace Maubert, Paris, Aug. 3, 154G. DOLICHOCEPHALIC, long-headed; an epithet applied to those human skulls in which the transverse diameter or width from side to side bears a less pro- portion to the longitudinal diameter, or width from front to back than 8 to 10. Such are the skulls of the west African negroes. DOLICHOS, a genus of papilionaceous plants, tribe Phaeseolex sub-tribe Eu- phaseoleas. As founded by Linnaeus it included many species now transferred to other genera; it is now limited to those which have a linear legume, with incomplete cellular dissepiments, and ovate seeds with a small oval hilum. Even when thus restricted it contains about 70 known species, which are from the tropics of both hemispheres. The legumes of D. sesquipedalis are eaten in the S. of Europe. D. ligyiosus is one of the most common kidney beans in In- dia. D. nnifloris is the horse gram of the same country. The tuberous root of D. tuberosns is eaten in Martinique. The legumes of various species now removed to other genera are eaten. DOLICHOSOMA, an amphibian of the Carboniferous period. It is divided by Cope into the genera of Phlegethontia iand Molgophis. Fossils have been found in Ohio and Nova Scotia. The Ohio specimens were imbedded in cannel coal formations indicating lake-like condi- tions during the life of the species. DOLIUM, the tun, a genus of gaster- opodous moUusca, family Buccini<^. The shell is ventricose, spirally furrowed, with a small spire and very large aper- ture, the outer-lip cremated, and no operculum- known species, 14 recent, from the Mediterranean, the India and China seas, and the Pacific. Fossil species from the Tertiary, if not even commencing with the chalk. DOLLAR [an adaptation of the Ger- nian thaler, which is itself an "abbrevia- tion of Joachimsthaler, a coin so called because first coined from silver obtained from mines in Joachimsthal (i. e., Jo- achim's dale), in Bohemia, about 1518; they were sometimes called Schlicken- thaler, because first coined by the counts of Schlick, a favorite coin, found under different names in almost every part of the globe.] The following are the prin- cipal dollars in circulation: (1) A gold coin of the United States; weight, 25.8 grains; fineness, .900; now no longer coined in pieces of one dollar but in multiples of the standard. (2) A silver coin of the United States. (3) A silver coin current in Mexico; fineness, .900; weight, 27.067 grammes, or 417.7 grains. (4) The unit of value in Canada, rep- resented by paper only, Canada having no coinage of its own. (5) The English name of a silver coin in circulation in many other countries, as Norway, Sweden, Denmark, etc. In many cases the name is different, thus, the Spanish dollar is also called piastre, or duro; that of Peru, the sol; that of Chile, the peso, etc. The value of a dollar is the unit em- ployed in reckoning money in the United States. The sign $, now generally used to signify a dollar, is commonly supposed to date from the time of the celebrated Pillar dollar of Spain. This dollar was known as the Piece of Eight (meaning eight reals), and the curved portion of the sign is a rude representation of the figure 8. The two vertical strokes are thought to be emblematical of the Pillars of Hercules, which were stamped upon the coin itself. DOLLART, THE, a gulf of the Ger- man Ocean, at the mouth of the river Ems, between Hanover and Holland. It is 8 miles long by 7 broad, and was formed by inundations of the sea (1277- 1362), which submerged 50 villages and several towns. In recent times much territory, especially on the flat German coast, has been won back from the sea. DOLLIVER, JONATHAN, PREN- TISS, United States Senator from Iowa, born in Preston county, W. Va., in 1858. He graduated from the University of West Virginia in 1875 and after study- ing law was admitted to the bar in 1878. He took an active part in politics and became well known as an orator. From 1899 to 1900 he was a member of Con- gress and in 1901 was appointed United