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LEFT DEWEY 343 DEXTRIN Academy for two years more. In 1870 he was given command of the "Narragan- sett," and during his five years' charge of her rose to be a commander. He was then attached to the Lighthouse Board, and in 1882 took his next sea duty in command of the "Juniata," of the Asiatic squadron. On reaching his captaincy, in 1884, he took charge of the "Dolphin," one of the first vessels of the "new navy." From 1885 to 1888 he commanded the "Pensacola," then flagship of the Euro- pean squadron. Ashore he served as chief of the Bureau of Equipment at the Navy Department, and afterward on the Lighthouse Board for a second time. In 1896 he was promoted to commodore, and made head of the inspection board; and at the beginning of 1898 was given command of the Asiatic squadron. With his squadron he left Mirs Bay, China, April 27, 1898, with orders to "capture or destroy the Spanish squad- ron," which was then supposed to be in Manila Bay, under command of Admiral Montojo. The squadron entered the channel of Manila at 11:30 p. M., Satur- day, April 30, and early on Sunday morn- ing, May 1, sank, burned or captured all the ships of the Spanish squadron in the bay, silenced and destroyed three land batteries, obtained complete control of the bay, without losing a single man. In recognition of this achievement. Commo- dore Dewey received the thanks of Con- gress, which awarded to him a magnifi- cent sword, and medals to his men. On May 7, 1898, he was promoted to be a rear-admiral, and subsequently (March 3, 1899) was made Admiral of the Navy under an act of Congress, approved March 2, 1899, restoring that rank. In 1901 he was president of the Court of Inquiry which was appointed at the re- quest of Rear- Admiral Schley, and in the same year was appointed President of the Navy Board, which position he held until his death, Jan. 16, 1917. DEWEY, JOHN, an American edu- cator, born in Burlington, Vt., in 1859. He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1879 and took post-graduate studies at Johns Hopkins University. He was on the faculty of the University of Minnesota as professor of philosophy in 1888-1889, and at the University of Michigan from 1889 to 1894. From 1894 to 1904 he was professor and head of the department of philosophy at the Uni- versity of Chicago and was director of the School of Education at that institu- tion from 1902 to 1904. From 1904 he was professor of philosophy at Columbia University, at the same time acting as lecturer on psychology. He was presi- dent of the American Psychological As- sociation, and the American Philosophi- cal Society. He wrote many works on philosophy and psychology, including "School and Society" (1899) ; "Studies in Logical Theory" (1903); "How t. Think" (1909) ; "German Philosophy and Politics" (1915) ; and "Democracy and Education" (1916). DEWEY, MELVIL, an American li- brarian, born at Adams Center, N. Y., in 1851. He graduated from Amherst College in 1874. After serving as li- brarian at Amherst College, he became chief librarian and professor of library economy at Columbia University. From 1889 to 1906 he was director of the New York State Library, and from 1891 to 1906 he was director of the Home Education Department. He was secretary and executive officer of the University of the State of New York from 1889 to 1900, and from 1904 to 1906 was State director of libraries in New York. He was one of the chief advocates of spelling reform, and was editor of the "A. L. A. Catalog" (1904) ; and "The Library"; and of various journals and reports. He was a member and officer of many educational societies. DEWING, THOMAS WILMER, an American artist, born in Boston in 1851. He studied art in Paris and in 1879 began the practice of his profession in New York City, painting chiefly por- traits and figure compositions. He was awarded the Clarke prize in 1887, and the first medal at the Carnegie Institute in 1908. He was a member of the National Academy of Design. DEXTER, in heraldry the right; sit- uated on the right; as the dexter side of a shield is that opposite the left hand of the spectator. DEXTER, HENRY an American news agent; born in West Cambridge, Mass., March 14, 1813. He was educated in the common schools, and, after obtain- ing employment in various publishing houses, started for himself in 1842 as a news agent. In 1864 he organized the American News Co. He died July 11, 1910. DEXTRIN, or DEXTRINE, in chem- istry, C,:H;o06, starch gum, British gum; obtained by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid on starch, and afterward neutralizing with chalk; if boiled for a longer time the dextrin is converted into dextrose. Dextrin can also be formed by heating starch to between 170° to 200° C. It is a gummy amorphous mass, soluble in water, and precipitated by alcohol. It is called dextrin on account of its dextro-rotary action on polarized light. Dextrin is formed in germinating seed*