Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 03.djvu/394

LEFT DEVILFISH S40 DEVONIAN SYSTEM not be completely constructed, it yet forms part of a consistent whole, and is of importance for the Christian as distinguished from the heathen and Jewish conception of evil, as well as for the Christian life. DEVILFISH, the popular name of various fishes, one of them being the angler. Among others the name is given to several large species of ray occasion- ally captured on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of America, and much dreaded by divers, whom they are said to devour after enveloping them in their vast wings. DEVIL'S ISLAND (Isle du Diable), a small rock formation off the coast of French Guiana, belonging to France. The area is about 16 square miles, and the island itself is sandy, dry, and torrid. Here Capt. Alfred Dreyfus (q. v.) was imprisoned for alleged treason. DEVIL'S LAKE, a city of North Dakota, the county-seat of Ramsey co. It is on the Great Northern and the Farmers' Grain and Shipping Company's railroads, and on Devil's Lake. The in- dustries include creameries and flour mills. The city has a school for the deaf, a public park, St. Mary's Academy, and a general hospital. Pop. (1910) 5,157; (1920) 5,140. DEVIL'S PUNCH-BOWL, a small lake of Ireland, near the lakes of Killarney, between 2,000 and 3,000 feet above the sea, supposed to be the crater of an an- cient volcano. DEVIL'S WALL, in the S. of GJer- many, a structure which was originally a Roman rampart, intended to protect the Roman settlements on the left bank of the Danube and on the right bank of the Rhine, against the inroads of the Teu- tonic and other tribes. Remains of it are found from the Danube, in Bavaria, to Bonn on the Rhine. DEVINE, EDWARD THOMAS, an American author and lecturer; born in Union, la., in 1867. He graduated from Cornell College, Iowa, in 1887, and took post-graduate courses in the United States and in Germany. He was prin- cipal of schools in Iowa for several years, and from 1891 to 1896 was staff lecturer on economics for the American Society for the Extension of University Teach- ing. He was secretary of the same or- ganization from 1894 to 1896, and from 1896 to 1912 was general secretary of the Charity Organization Society of New York. He was editor of the "Survey" from 1897 to 1912. From 1905 to 1919 he was professor of social econ- omy at Columbia University and was director of the New York School of Philanthropy from 1904 to 1907. In 1917 and 1918 he was chief of the Bureau of Refugees and Home Re- lief under the American Red Cross Com- mission in France. He represented and directed several Red Cross relief expedi- tions, including San Francisco in 1906 and Dayton, O., in 1913. He was a mem- ber of many economic and educational societies. He wrote "Economics" (1899) ; "The Practice of Charity" (1901)- "So- cial Forces" (1909) ; "The Normal Life" (1915) ; "Disabled Soldiers and Sailors" (1919). DE VINNE, THEODORE LOW, an American printer; born in Stamford, Conn., Dec. 25, 1828. He learned the printer's trade and became an employe and later partner of Francis Hart, upon whose death he founded the firm of Theo- dore L. De Vinne & Co. in New York City. He wrote "The Practice of Typog- raphy" (1900); "Title Pages" (1902); "Notable Printers of Italy in the 15th Century" (1910). He died in 1914. DEVONIAN SYSTEM, a name in geology originally given to the rocks of Devonshire and Cornwall, England. This name was proposed by Murchison and Sedgwick to replace the more character- istic and older term of Old Red Sand- stone (a fresh water deposit), because the slaty and calciferous strata in Devon- shire contain a much more copious and rich fossil fauna than the red arenaceous rocks of Scotland, Wales, and Hereford- shire, with which they are believed to be contemporaneous. The fossils of the la- custrine Old Red Sandstone are chiefly fishes which have been classed as Ganoids. Professor Huxley approximates them to the Siluridx; but investigations in prog- ress in 1900, it is believed, will assign many of them to the lung fishes, repre- sented in modem waters by Ceratodus and Lepidosiren, and others not repre- sented in the waters of the modem world. The fossils of the marine De- vonians are largely corals such as Favo- sites and Cyathophyllum, with brachio- pod shells and skeletal parts of other organisms. The physical condition under which the marine sediments in Devonshire were de- posited differed greatly from that which marked the accumulation of the Old Red Sandstone and has caused some doubts as to the correlation of the two sets of strata. British geologists retain both names, the Devonian System and Old Red Sandstone System; in the United States the term Devonian is used almost ex- clusively. The strata intermediate be- tween the Silurian and Carboniferous consist of sandstones of different colors.