Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 03.djvu/38

LEFT CLINTON" latitude and elevation alone, and the ef- fect produced by their combined oi)era- tion, constitutes the science of Clima- tology. CLINTON, a city and county-seat of Clinton co., la.; on the Mississippi river, and the Chicago and Northvirestern, the Chicago, Milvs^aukee and St, Paul, and other railroads; 60 miles S. E, of Dubuque. It is the trade center for a region of 50 miles radius, and has large manufacturing interests. The Missis- sippi is crossed at this point by several bridges. The city has Wartburg College (Lutheran, 1894), public schools, sev- eral churches, daily and weekly news- papers, electric lights, and railways, three National banks, etc. Pop. (1910) 25,577; (1920) 24,151. CLINTON, a town in Worcester CO., Mass.; on the Nashua river, and the Boston and Maine and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads; 40 miles W. of Boston. It has important cotton and carpet manufactories, fur- nished with excellent power from the river; is connected with neighboring towns by electric street railroads; and has numerous churches, daily news- papers, electric lights, public library, high and graded public schools, a Na- tional bank, etc. Pop. (1910) 13,075: (1920) 12,979. CLINTON, DE WITT, an American lawyer and statesman; born in Little Britain, N. Yo. March 2, 1769. He was United States Senator from New York (1802) ; mayor of New York City (1803- 1807, 1809-1810, 1811-1815) ; lieutenant- governor (1811-1813) ; candidate for President (1812); governor (1817-1823, 1825-1828). He was the chief originator of the Erie Canal (1817-1825). Besides purely political works, addresses, etc., he wrote: "Antiquities of Western New York," "Natural History and Internal Resou.ces of New York," etc. He died in Albany, N. Y., Feb. 11, 1828. CLINTON, GEORGE, Vice-President of the United States ; born in Little Brit- ain, Ulster CO., N. Y., July 26, 1739. He served as lieutenant under his brother James at the capture of Frontenac, but afterward studied law. He was a mem- ber of Congress in 1776, and voted for the Declaration of Independence, but was summoned to the army as brigadier- general before it was prepared for sig- nature. In 1777 he was elected governor and at the same time lieutenant-governor of the State of New York, which latter office was, on his acceptance of the other, conferred upon Mr. Van Courtlandt. He held the office of governor during the next 18 years, for which eventful period 22 CLITUS the history of his life is that of the State. He was again chosen governor after spending five years in private life, in 1801, and in 1804 became Vice-President of the United States. He died in Wash- ington, D. C, April 20, 1812. CLINTON, SIR HE:TRY, a British general, born about 1738; served in the Hanoverian war, and was sent in 1775, with the rank of major-general, to Amer- ica, where he distinguished himself in the Battle of Bunker Hill. He defeated the Americans at Long Island, but had to evacuate Philadelphia to Washington. In 1782 he returned to England. He died in Gibraltar, Dec. 23, 1795. CLINTON, JAMES, an American mili- tary officer; born in Little Britain, Ul- ster CO., N. Y., Aug. 9, 1736. With his father he served at Frontenac, in 1758, as captain, and commanded in 1763 the forces raised to protect Ulster and Or- ange counties against the Indians. He accompanied Montgomery to Quebec in 1775, and was appointed brigadier-gen- eral the following year. While his brother George was governor of New York, he was overpowered at Fort Clin- ton by the superior force under Sir Henry Clinton, and being severely wounded narrowly escaped with his life. He afterward served against the Indians under Sullivan, in 1779, and was present at the surrender of Cornwallis. After the peace he occupied many distinguished civil stations. He died Dec. 22, 1812. CLIO, glory, renown, the muse of his- tory and epic poetry, represented as bearing a half-opened roll of a book. Daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne, she was the mother of Hyacinthus and Hymenaeus. There was also a sea nymph, Clio, daughter of Oceanus and sister of Beroe, who figures in Greek mythology. CLIPPER, a name familiarly given to a ship built expressly for speed. A Clipper, as compared with an ordinary sailing ship, was longer and narrower; very sharp at the bows, which were gen- erally hollowed more or less below the water-line ; gracefully fined away toward the stern, which was usually elliptical; and altogether presenting the contrast of the race-horse to the beast of burden. Clipper ships were extensively employed in the South American, California, and China trade. CLISTHENES, an Athenian law-giver, who established a popular constitution after the expulsion of Hippias, m 509 B. C. CLITUS, a distinguished Macedonian general, who saved the life of Alexander the Great at the battle of Granicus, but