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LEFT DAVID 275 DAVIES grreat part of the nation. Edward Baliol, however, the son of John Baliol, formed a^ party for the purpose of supporting his pretensions to the crown; he was backed by Edward III. of England. Battles were frequent, and at first Baliol was successful; but eventually David succeeded in driving him from Scotland. The war was carried on with England with increasing rancor, till David was made prisoner at the battle of Neville's Cross (1346). After 11 years of cap- tivity he was ransomed for 100,000 marks. He died in 1370. DAVID, PIERRE JEAN, a French sculptor; born in Angers, March 12, 1789 (hence commonly called David d'Angers). He went when very young to Paris, became the pupil of J. L. David, and in 1809 a prize obtained from the Academy enabled him to pursue his stu- dies at Rome, where he formed a friend- ship with Canova. On his return to Paris he executed a colossal statue of the great Conde which brought him fame. Visiting Geimany in 1828 and 1834 he executed busts of Goethe, Schelling, Tieck, and Humboldt. His most important work was the sculptures of the Pantheon 1831- 1837. He executed a great number of medallions, busts, and statues of cele- brated persons of all countries, notably those of Walter Scott, Canning, Wash- ington, Lafayette, Gutenberg, Cuvier, Victor Hugo, Beranger, Paganini, and Madame de Stael. He died in Paris, Jan. 5, 1856. DAVTD COMNENUS (kom-ng'nus), the last Emperor of Trebizond, usurped the throne upon the death of his brother John. In 1458 he ceded his empire to Mohammed II., on condition that the latter should marry his daughter. This condition the Sultan observed, but caused David to be put to death, with seven of his sons, 1462. DAVIDS. THOMAS WILLIAM RHYS, an English publicist, lawyer, and scholar; born in Colchester, May 12, 1843. He was educated at the Univer- sity of Breslau; from 1866 on, filled ju- dicial places in Ceylon and acted as Archaeological Commissioner. In 1877 he was called to the London bar, and subsequently became Professor of Pali and Buddhist Literature in University College, London. Among his works are: "Buddhism" (1878); translations of "Buddhist Birth Stories" (1880) ; "Bud- dhist Suttas" and "Vinaya Texts" (1881) ; published in "The Sacred Books of the East"; "Buddhist India" (1912); "Early Buddhism" (1908). DAVIDSON, GEORGE, an American astronomer; born in Nottingham, Eng- land, May 9, 1825; came to the United States in 1832; graduated at the Central High School, Philadelphia, in 1845; and joined the United States Coast Survey. While in this service he was chief engineer of a party which surveyed a ship-canal route across the Isthmus of Darien. He also made a geographical survey of the coast of Alaska in 1867. In 1874 he had charge of the party which went from the United States to Japan to make observations on the transit of Venus. He traveled extensive- ly in Egypt, China, India, and Europe, for purposes of scientific study. From 1877-1884 he was Regent of the Uni- versity of California, and for many years was President of the California Academy of Sciences. He retired from the Coast Survey, after 50 years of dis- tinguished service, in 1895, and became Professor of Geography in the Univer- sity of California. He is the author of numerous works on irrigation, harbor and river improvements, "Francis Drake" (1908), etc. He died in 1911. DAVIDSON, RANDALL THOMAS, Archbishop of Canterbury. He was born in 1848, and was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Oxford. He was curate of Dartford, Kent, 1874-1877; chaplain and private secretary to Arch- bishop Tait of Canterbury, 1877-1882; to Archbishop Berson, 1882-1883; exam- ining chaplain to Bishop Lightfoot of Durham, 1881-1883; sub -almoner to Queen Victoria, 1882; one of the six preachers of Canterbury Cathedral, 1880-1883; Dean of Windsor and do- mestic chaplain to Queen Victoria 1883- 1891; Clerk of the Closet to Queen Vic- toria, 1891-1901, and to King Edward, 1901-1903. In 1891 he became bishop of Rochester and continued in that position till 1895. He was bishop of Winchester, 1895-1903. In this last year he became archbishop of Canterbury. He has been trustee of the British Museum from 1884 and was prelate of the Order of the Garter, 1895-1903. He was created G. C. V. O. 1904, and received Royal Vic- torian Chain, 1911. In 1918 he received the Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Saviour (Greece) ; and in 1919 the Grand Cordon de I'ordre de la Couronne r Belgium); also the First Class of the Order of St. Sava (Serbia). DAVIDSON COLLEGE, an educational institution in Davidson, N. C; founded in 1837, under the auspices of the Pres- byterian Church; reported at the end of 1919: Professors and instructors, 16; students, 379 ; president, Wm. J. Martin, LL.D. DAVIES, ARTHUR B., an American painter, born in Utica, N. Y., in 1862.