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LEFT CLEMENS 15 CLEMENT VI. sissippi. Thence he went to the Nevada mines; became in 1862 local editor of a newspaper in Virginia City; went to San Francisco; was for some time a reporter; and worked in the Calaveras gold-dig- gings. In 1884, he founded the publish- ing firm of C. L. Webster & Co., which failed some years later, though it had published successful works, including General Grant's "Personal Recollections," on which over $300,000 in royalties were S. L. CLEMENS (MARK TWAIN) paid. After the failure Mr. Clemens made a lecturing tour of the world for the purpose of paying the firm's indebted- ness, which he insisted on doing in full, though the creditors oflFered to settle for half of the amount. His works include: "The Jumping Frog," "The Innocents Abroad," "Roughing It," "A Tramp Abroad," "The Prince and the Pauper," "Life on the Mississippi," "The Gilded Age" (with Charles Dudley Warner), "Old Ti*mes on the Mississippi," "Tom Saw- yer," "Huckleberry Finn," "A Connecti- cut Yankee at King Arthur's Court," "Pudd'nhead Wilson," "Personal Recol- lections of Joan of Arc," "Following the Equator," etc. He died April 21, 1910. CLEMENS. TITUS FLAVIUS, known as Clement of Alexandria, one of the fathers of the Church; born about the middle of the 2d century. Of his early career so little is known that it is doubt- ful whether he was born at Alexandria or at Athens; but about the year 189 he succeeded Pantaenus in the catecheti- cal school of the former city and taught there until 202, when the edict of Seve- rus compelled him to seek a new abode. In 210 he was in Cappadocia. He died about 220. CLEMENT L, CLEMENS BOMANUS, POPE, and one of the apostolic fathers; born about A. D. 30. It is supposed that he is the same Clement mentioned by St. Paul (Phil, iv: 3) as one of his fellow- laborers. He was, according to Catholic tradition, baptized by St. Peter, and or- dained Bishop of Rome in 91, succeed- ing to Anacletus. Among the writings which are attributed to him are one epistle exhorting to unity (generally ad- mitted as genuine) ; two other epistles preserved by the Syriac Church ; the two collections of apostolical canons and con- stitutions ; and the "Clementines," a nar- rative of his life, and of his connection and journeys with St. Peter. He is ac- counted a saint and martyr in the Ro- man calendar, his festival being Nov. 23. He died about 100, and was succeeded by Evaristus. CLEMENT II. (SUIDGER), was of Saxon birth, and in 1046 succeeded Greg- ory VI., who was Pope during the tenure of Benedict IX. He crowned Henry III. Emperor, and died 1047; and at his death, Benedict was restored to the pa- pal see. CLEMENT III., succeeded Gregory VIII. in 1187, preached a crusade against the Saracens; died 1191, and was succeeded by Celestine III. CLEMENT IV, (GuiDO FULCODi), succeeded Urban IV. in 1265. He signed, with St. Louis of France, the "Pragmatic Sanction," which put an end to the dif- ferences existing between Rome and France. He died in Viterbo, 1268. His death was followed by a long inter- regnum. CLEMENT V. (BertrAND DB Got), succeeded Benedict XI. in 1305, and re- moved the residence of the Popes from Rome to Avigrion. He was the tool of Philip the Fair of France, and, at his desire, suppressed the order of Knights Templar. He died in 1314, and had no immediate successor. CLEMENT VI. (PlERRB ROGER), a native of Limousin, succeeded Benedict XII. in 1342. During his pontificate, Rienzi attempted to establish the re- public at Rome. His learning and elo- quence are applauded by Petrarch. He died in Avignon, 1352. His successor was Innocent VI.