Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 03.djvu/279

LEFT CYCLOPS 235 CYMRI vols., 2 vols, plates, New York, 1860) ; Brand and Cox, "Diet, of Science, Lit., and Art" (3 vols. 1865-1867; new ed., 1875) ; the "National Encyclopaedia" (Lond., 1884, etc.) ; and Blackie's "Mod- ern Cyclopaedia" (8vo, Lond., 1889, etc.). Nor should we omit La.ousse, "Grand Diet, du XIX. siecle" (4to, Paris, 1878) ; Chevreuil, "Grand Diet, illustre" (4to, Paris, 1883) ; and Dreyfus, "La Grande Encyclopedic" (4to, 1885, etc.). Parry's Encyclopaedia Cambrensis" (1862-1863) is of interest. An attempt to remedy the defect of protracted production has frequently led to the issue of supplemental volumes, planned so as to bring up the earlier articles to the same level as the later articles, in more than one instance, nota- bly that of Brockhaus' and Meyer's "Konversations-Lexikon" and the New International Year Book. In contrast with the larger cyclopaedias may be mentioned the modern attempts to boil down the circles of the sciences into portable form. Thus Brockhaus issued a "Kleineres Conversations-Lexi- kon" (3 vols. Leip., 1854-1856; 4th ed. 2 vols. Leip,, 1885) ; Meyer's "Konversa- tions-Lexikon" is admirably epitomized in Meyer's Handlexikon" (5th ed. 3 vols. Leip., 1892-1893) ; and Spemann ' issues a pocket encyclopaedia (Kiisch- ner's) which is a model of compression. Similar English productions are Beeton's "Encyclopaedia" (2 vols. 8vo, Lond., n. d.) ; Beeton's "Dictionary of Science" (8vo, Lond., n. d.) ', Champlin's "Young Folks' Cyclopaedia of Common Things" (New York, 1879), with the English re- issue known as Cox's "Little Encyclo- paedia of Common Things" (8vo, Lond., 1882; 3d ed. 1884); Champlin's "Young Folks' Cyclopaedia of Persons and Places" (1880) ; "Hazell's Annual" is a yearly cyclopaedic record ; Sampson Low's "Pocket Cyclopaedia" (1889) ; Phillip's "Million of Facts" (8vo, 1836; and later without date) ; and in more recent years many others. Special Cyclopsedias. — This class has naturally become more and more numer- ous; though in many cases the works are neither designated cyclopaedia nor dictionary. A valuable series is Meyer's "Fach-Lexika" (general history, ancient history, philosophy, geography, etc.), which applies the method of the "dic- tionary" to the treatment of individual subjects in separate volumes, thus differ- ing from Lardner's "Cabinet Cyclopae- dia," and the "Encyclopaedia Meti'opoli- tana," which were practically a series of treatises. CYCLOPS, one of the people called Cy- clopes, alleged to be a savage race of one- eyed giants in Sicily. The caverns of .^tna were their smithy, and blacksmiths were looked on as their descendants. CYDNUS (sid'nus), a river in Cilicia, rising in the Taurus Mountains, ancient- ly celebrated for the clearness and cool- ness of its waters. CYGNUS (the Swan), a large North- ern constellation in the Milky Way, one of Ptolemy's original 48. It is surround- ed by Draco, Cepheus, Lacerta, Pegasus, Vulpacula, and Lyra. One of its small stars of about the 5.5 magnitude, 61 Cygni, a well-known double as well, is one of our nearest neighbors among the stars. The determinations of its parallax are somewhat discordant, ranging from 0.27" to 0.56", giving in light-years a dis- tance of from 12 to 6 years. CYLINDER, a well-known solid whose cross-section at any point of its length gives always the same circle; or, mathe- matically, a solid generated by the revolu- tion of a rectangle about one of its sides, which line is called the axis of the cylin- der. That, the typical cylinder, is fre- quently called right, and if cut by two parallel planes not perpendicular to the axis the result is an oblique cylinder, with elliptical ends or sections. The term has also been generalized to in- clude a solid generated by a line mov- ing parallel to a fixed direction while tracing any fixed closed curve. In all cases the content of the cylinder is found by multiplying the number of square units in the base by the number of linear units in the altitude, which is the perpendicular distance between the two ends. The area of the convex sur- face is equal to the product of the cir- cumference of the end, and the length of the generating line. To this must be added the areas of the two ends, to get the whole surface of the cylinder. CYMBELINE, an ancient King of Great Britain in a very well-known play of Shakespeare called by his name. By his first wife he had a daughter, Imogen, who narried Posthumus Leonatus. His 5econd wife had, by a former husband, a son named Cloten. Shakespeare bor- rowed the name from the half-historical Cunobelinus in Holinshed's "Chronicle," of whom several coins are extant. CYMRI (kim'ri), a branch of the Celtic family of nations which appears to have succeeded the Gaels in the great migration of the Celts W., and to have driven the Gaelic branch to the W. (into Ireland and the Isle of Man) and to the N. (into the Highlands of Scotland), while they themselves occupied the S. parts of Great Britain. At a later period they were themselves driven out