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LEFT GULP 219 CT7MBEELAND the regular army. Besides numerous military memoirs and reports, he pub- lished "Military Bridges with India- rubber Pontoons," (1849); "Register of Officers of the U. S. Military Academy from 1802 to 1850" (1850); a transla- tion of Duparc's "Elements of Military Art and History," with Notes, etc. (1863) ; a "Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Mili- tary Academy" (1868) (revised edition, 1879) ; "Campaigns of the War of 1812 Criticised" (1880) ; and contributed a number of articles to Johnson's "Univer- sal Cyclopaedia" (1874-1877). He died in New York City, Feb. 28, 1892, be- queathing $250,000 for the erection of a Memorial Hall on the grounds of the military academy, and $40,000 for furnishing it with military busts, paint- ings, and other appropriate objects. GULP, JULIA, a Dutch contralto. Born in Holland in 1881, she first re- ceived instruction on the violin, and as a Httle girl appeared in the various cities of Holland in recitals. At fifteen years of age she entered the conservatory at Amsterdam to have her voice trained, and completed her studies in voice cul- ture at Berlin. In 1901 she made her debut as a singer in Magdeburg, and later gained great popularity throughout Germany by her singing of the German and Italian folk-songs. From 1902-1912 she toured the Continent and achieved a striking success everywhere. In 1913 she made her first tour of America, which was later followed by other tours. CUM-ffi. a very ancient city of Italy in Campania, the oldest colony of the Greeks in Italy, founded about 1030 B. C. by colonists from Chalcis, in Eubcea, and from Cyme in Asia Minor. It founded Naples (Neapolis), and in Sicily Zancle or Messina. In 520 B. c. Cumaa was taken by the Campanians, and came with them under the power of Rome (345 B. C). It was destroyed A. D. 1207, and a few ruins only now exist. CUMANA, a town of the Venezuelan state of Sucre, on the Manzanares, a mile above its mouth, where the port of Puerto Sucre lies on the Gulf of Cariaco. It has a national college, and some ex- port trade, but is chiefly of interest as the oldest European town on the South American mainland, having been founded by Christopher Columbus's son Diego as New Toledo in 1521. It has suffered much from earthquakes, and was almost entirely destroyed in 1853. Pop. about 15,000. CUMBERLAND, a city and county- seat of Allegany co., Md. ; on the Potomac river, the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, and the Baltimore and Ohio, the Cum- berland and Pennsylvania, the Western Maryland railroads; 150 miles S. E. of Pittsburgh. It is a great railroad point and the trade center for the Cumberland and George's Creek coal district. It is the second city in population and importance in the State, and has a Catholic academy and convent, a house of Capuchins, exten- sive paper mills, glass works, tanneries, steel and iron mills, flour and planing mills, and railroad repair shops. There are 4 National and several State and savings banks, daily and weekly news- papers, numerous churches, a Holly sys- tem of waterworks, public and private schools, high school, etc. Pop. (1910) 21,839; (1920) 29,837. GUMBERLAND, a city of Rhode Is- land, in Providence co. It is on the Blackstone river, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad. In the neighborhood are granite quarries of importance. Its manufactures include horseshoes, cotton, silk, and worsted goods, and women's clothing. The town contains the only Cistercian Trappist m.onastery in New England: Pop. (1910) 10,107; (1920) 10,077. CUMBERLAND, a river of the United States which runs through Kentucky and Tennessee into the Ohio, having a course of about 600 miles, navigable for steam- boats to Nashville, nearly 200 miles. CUMBERLAND, RICHARD, an Eng- lish dramatist, novelist, essayist, and poet, grandson of Richard Bentley; born at Cambridge, Feb. 19, 1732. Of good family and the highest prospects, he was discredited and impoverished in public service, and made literature a profession. His comedies, "The West Indian," "The Wheel of Fortune," "The Jew," and "The Fashionable Lover," are an epit- ome of the culture of the time; as are his essays, collected under the title of "The Observer." He wrote "Anecdotes of Eminent Painters in Spain," "Mem- oirs" (1806). He died in Tunbridge Wells, May 7, 1811. CUMBERLAND, WILLIAM AUGUS- TUS, DUKE OF, third son of George II. of England: born in 1721. At the battle of Dettingen he was wounded when fighting at the side of his father, and though unsuccessful at Fontenoy, where he had the command of the allied army, he rose in reputation by somewhat brutally subduing the insurrection in Scotland caused by the landing of Charles Edward Stuart in 1745. In 1747 Cumberland was defeated by Marshal Saxe at Lafeld, and in 1757 he lost the battle of Hastenbeck, against D'Estrees, and concluded the convention at Closter-