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LEFT CLABK 8 CLARKE territory. On the outbreak of the Revo- lutionary War he led the patriot army on the frontier, campaigning against the British throughout Illinois, Ohio, and Kentucky. His success in this saved much territory to the colonies in the final treaty of peace with Great Britain. He fell into penury in his latter years, and died in neglect near Louisville, Ky., Feb. 18, 1818. CLARK, JOHN BATES, an Ameri- can economist; born in Providence, R. I., Jan. 26, 1847. He was graduated at Amherst in 1872, studied at the Univer- sities of Heidelberg and Zurich, and re- ceived degrees from several domestic and foreign universities. He was pro- fessor of political economy at Carleton College (1877-1881), Smith College (1882-1893), Amherst (1892-1895), and assumed the same chair at Columbia University in 1895. He was a member of many domestic and foreign scientific associations, one of the editors of the "Political Science Quarterly," and con- tributed many articles to economic re- views and journals. He also published: "Philosophy of Wealth" (1885); "Dis- tribution of Wealth" (1895); "Control of Trusts" (1901) ; "Problem of Monop- oly" (1904) ; "Essentials of Economic Theory" (1907) ; "Modern Distributive Process" (with F. H. Giddings) ; etc. CLARK, LEWIS GAYLORD, an American journalist and humorous writer; born in Otisco, N. Y., March 5, 1810. In 1834 he became 3ditor of the "Knickerbocker Magazine," and with Irving, Bryant, Longfellow, Halleck, and Willis, as contributors, made it the fore- most literary publication ^ of that time, and an inspiration to a higher standard of periodical literature. The "Editor's Table," written by him, overflowed with amusing stories and witty sayings. The "Knickerbocker Sketch-Book" (1850), and "Knick-Knacks from an Editor's Table" (1853), are his only publications in book form. He died in Piermont, N. Y., Nov. 3, 1873. CLARK, WILLIAM ANDREWS, an American capitalist and senator; born near Connellsville, Pa., Jan. 8, 1839. He was educated at Laurel Hill Acad- emy, and at Mt. Pleasant University, in Iowa. After studying law and teaching school he settled in Montana in 1863, and acquired a great fortune in copper mining. He was the Democratic choice for United States Senator from Mon- tana in 1890 and 1896, and in 1899 the Legislature elected him. In April, 1900, the United States Senate declared his election void; but his legislature re-elected him in 1901 and he served un- til 1907. In his palatial home in New York City he has collected many rare paintings. CLARK, WILLIS GAYLORD, an American poet, twin brother of Lewis Gaylord; born in Otisco, N. Y., March 5, 1810; became associate editor of the "Columbian Star," a religious weekly paper (1830), but resigned shortly after to take charge of the Philadelphia "Gazette." A complete edition of his poems, edited by his brother, appeared in 1847. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., June 12, 1841. CLARK COLLEGE, an institution for higher education, founded at Worcester, Mass., in 1902. It was endowed by Jonas G. Clark with $1,300,000 and was granted equal rights in the already existing Clark University. It is legally the col- legiate department of the University, but under the terms of the will of the founder, it is a completely independent organization. In 1918 there were 184 students and 25 members of the faculty. President, Edmund C. Sandford. CLARKE, CHARLES COWDEN, an English prose-writer and poet; born in Enfield, Middlesex, Dec. 15, 1787; pro- duced "Tales from Chaucer" and "Shakespeare's Characters," besides lec- tures and essays innumerable; and "Carmina Minima," a volume of verse. He died in Genoa, March 13, 1877. CLARKE, FRANK WIGGLES- WORTH, an American scientist; born in Boston, Mass., March 19, 1847. He was graduated at the Lawrence Scien- tific School of Harvard, in 1867; was Professor of Chemistry and Physics at the University of Cincinnati from 1874 to 1883, and in 1883 became chief chem- ist of the United States Geological Sur- vey and honorary curator of minerals, United States National Museum, Wash- ington, D. C. He was a member of many domestic, foreign, and interna- tional commissions and scientific so- cieties, received several honorary degrees and medals, and published numerous books and papers on chemical, miner- alogical, and geological topics. CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN, an American Unitarian clerg:yman and author; born in Hanover, N. H., April 4, 1810. In 1852, together with Emer- son and William H. Channing, he pre- pared the "Memoirs of Margaret Fuller d'Ossoli." His chief work was "Ten Great Religions" (1871-1883). Among his other publications were "Self-Cul- ture" (1882) ; "Anti-Slavery Days" (1884); "Every-Day Religion" (1886);