Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 03.djvu/236

LEFT CREED 192 Cxv£R^xv 512,000,000. Seven other States have fol- owed Massachusetts in official recogni- tion of this type of bank, while North Carolina has passed special legislation for fostering such institutions among farmers. The Russell Sage Foundation, New York City, devotes much energy to the encouragement of the formation of credit unions, and published a number of pamphlets on the subject. CREED, CREDE, or CREDO, a sum- mary of the articles or Christian doc- trines of which the several churches profess their belief. In the Church of England three such creeds are accepted — viz., the Apostles' Creed, the Athana- sian Creed, and the Nicene Creed. In the Church of Scotland the creed accepted is the Westminster Confession of Faith, to which may perhaps be added the Larger and Shorter Catechisms. The Church of Rome accepts the same creeds as that of England does, but adds to them the creed of the Council of Constantinople. CREEL, GEORGE, an American journalist and author, born in Black- burn, Mo., in 1876. Educated in the public schools, he served in an editorial capacity on several newspapers in the West and did much special writing for magazines, especially on social and eco- nomic subjects. He was appointed by President Wilson as chairman of the Committee on Public Information, on April 14, 1917, and continued in this capacity until March, 1919. He had charge of the dissemination of propa- ganda in Europe during the war, and perfected a very complete organization for the promotion of publicity. CREELMAN, JAMES, an American author bom in Montreal, Canada, in 1859. Educated in the public schools of the Do- minion, he later moved to New York C'ty, where he served as a reporter and edi- torial writer for the New York "Herald." In 1890 he became the editor of the London edition and the year following of the Paris edition of the same newspaper. From 1892-1894 he acted as editor of the New York "Evening Telegram." Dur- ing the Graeco-Turkish, Cuban, and Spanish-American Wars he was a noted war correspondent. He was shot and badly wounded while fighting with the American forces for the capture of San- tiago. From 1900-1906 he was editorial writer for the New York "World," and later for the New York "Evening Mail." He died Feb. 12, 1915. CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY, an in- stitution for higher education, founded in 1879, at Omaha, Neb., under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1919 there were 130 instructors and 1,061 stu- dents. President, A. J. Burrowes, S. J. CREMATION, the act of cremating or disposing of a corpse by burning instead of burying it. Cremation was practiced among the Greeks and Romans. The mass of the Hindus properly so called thus dispose of their dead, while the Mohammedans have recourse to burial In 1873 an eminent physician. Sir Henry Thompson, advocated its introduction into England on sanitary grounds, but public feeling was against the innova- tion, and it made little progress there. Later, however, in many of the European countries cremation of the dead received the highest indorsement of the govern- ments, while in the United States crema- tories were established in many of the cities. The first crematory in the United States was established at Washington, Pa., in 1876. It was first used for the incineration of the body of the Baron de Palm in December of that year. Other crematories have since been established in most of the large cities of the country. CREMONA, a city of northern Italy, on the N. bank of the Po, 60 miles S. E. of Milan. Cremona has some fine build- ings — the principal the cathedral (1107- 1606), with gorgeous interior; the neigh- boring octagonal Baptistry; the Palazzo Publico (1245) ; the so-called Campo Santo; and the famous Torrazzo (1288) or belfry — the loftiest campanile in Italy, being 396 feet high, and command- ing magnificent views over the fertile plains of Milan. By means of the Po, Cremona carries on a considerable trade in produce of the district; and it has manufactures of silk, cotton, earthen- ware, and chemicals. In the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries it was greatly cele- brated for its manufacture of violias, the most famous makers being the Amatis, the Guarneris, and Stradivari. Pop. about 43,000. Cremona is the capi- tal of a pro'ince of the same name ; area, 678 square miles. Pop. about 353,000. CREOLE, a person, in either Ameri- ca or the West India Islands, of Euro- pean progenitors; as, a Spanish creole. It is sometimes, also, applied, but wrong- ly, to any person bom within tropical latitudes, of whatsoever color. CREON, the King of Thebes, who, in the legend of the war against that city, forbade anyone to bury the bodies of Eteocles and Polynices, and condemned their sister Antigone to death for dis- obeying this order. CRERAR, JOHN, an American phi- lanthropist; born in New York City, about 1828. He entered mercantile life and accumulated a fortune, removing to Chicago in 1862, and adding to his wealth by railway financiering. He