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LEFT CRANE 187 CRANMER being pastor of the Union Congrega- tional Church of Worcester, Mass., for five years, ending in 1909, he took up writing moral essays for syndicated newspapers. His works include: "The Religion of To-morrow," "Lame and Lovely." CRANE, STEPHEN, an American story- writer ; born in Newark, N, J., Nov. 1, 1870. He wrote "Maggie," "The Red Badge of Courage," and "George's Mother" (1898), stories; "The Black Riders and Other Lines" (1895), verse; and other books. He died in Badenweiler, Germany, June 5, 1900. CRANE, WALTER, an English painter; born in Liverpool, Aug. 15, 1845; the son of an artist, Thomas Crane (1808- 1859). He himself was trained as an artist, and much of his work consisted of book-illustrations. Among these may be named his series of "Toy-books" (1869- 1875); "The Baby's Opera" (1877), and "The Sirens Three." In 1862 he began to exhibit paintings at the Royal Acad- emy, showing in that year "The Lady of Shalott," and he was a constant contrib- utor to the Grosvenor Gallery from its foundation in 1877 till 1888. His pictures nearly always deal, in a somewhat deco- rative fashion, with subjects of an imag- inative nature, such as "The Riddle of the Sphinx" (1887) ; "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" (1895). He also painted "Britannia's Vision" (1897) ; "The World's Conqueror" (1898), etc. He also produced many very delicate landscape subjects in water-colors; designed wall papers; and published poems, illustrated by himself, "Queen's Summer" (1891), and "The Claims of Decorative Art" (1892). Since 1888 a member of the Royal Society of Painters in Water- colors, he was in 1893 appointed art di- rector to the city of Manchester. He was a prominent socialist, and died in 1905. CRANE, WILLIAM H., an American actor; born in Leicester, Mass., in 1845. He made his first appearance on the stage when 18 years old and soon won recognition as a comedian. His role in "The Henrietta," in which he was associ- ated vdth Stuart Robson, was his first great success. Since 1889 he "starred" in "The Senator"; "The American Min- ister"; "Father and the Boys" (1907); "The Senator Keeps House" (1911) ; "The New Henrietta" (1914), etc. CRANE, W(INTHROP) MURRAY, an American public official and manufac- turer; bom at Dalton, Mass., April 23, 1853. He was educated at the public schools, and at Williston Seminary (A.M., Williams 1897). He was Lieutenant-Gov- ernor of Massachusetts (1897-1899) and Governor (1900-1902). On the death of Senator Hoar he was nominated to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate, and was elected in January, 1905, for the term expiring in 1907, and re-elected for the term 1907-1913. He was a member of the Republican National Committee (1892-1902), and again from 1904 -.n, and a delegate-at-large to all Republican National Conventions since 1892, except in 1900. He died in 1920. CRANE-FLY, singular, any two- winged fly of the genus Tipula or the family Tipulidee; plural crane-flies, the genus Tipula or the family of Tipulid^; the typical species is popularly known as Daddy Long-legs. CRANGANORE, a town in Hindustan, in the presidency of Madras, state of Cochin, on the Malabar coast. Pop. about 10,000. It is the traditional field of St. Thomas' labors in India; Jews have been settled here since the 4th century; and it is certain the Syrian church was established before the 9th. CRANK, in machinery, a lever or arm on a shaft, driven by hand (e. g., a winch-handle), or by a connecting-rod, its object being to convert reciprocating motion into rotary motion. Engine- cranks which convert the to and fro motion of the piston into continuous rota- tion of crank-shaft are connected to the piston-rod end by the connecting-rod. CRANMER, THOMAS, Archbishop of Canterbury; born in Aslacton, Not- tinghamshire, July 2, 1489. The opinion which he gave on the question of Henry VIII.'s divorce from his first wife, Cath- arine of Arragon, recommended him to that monarch, who employed him to vin- dicate the measure, and sent him, in 1530, with other envoys, to maintain his view before the Pope. His mission was fruit- less. On his way home, he visited Ger- many, and at Niirnberg married a niece of Osiander. After his I'eturn he was raised to the archbishopric of Canter- bury, in which ofiice he zealously pro- moted the cause of the Reformation. Through his means the Bible was trans- lated and read in churches; and he great- ly aided in suppressing the monastic in- stitutions. A few weeks after his ap- pointment, he pronounced, in a court held at Dunstable, the sentence of divorce of Catharine, and confirmed the king's mar- riage with Anne Boleyn. In 1536, when Anne Boleyn was destined to lose her rep- utation and her life, he meanly stooped to promote the sentence of divorce. This and other compliances with the monarch's will insured him the gratituce of Henry, who upheld him in all his contests with Bishop Gardiner and others who accused