Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 03.djvu/188

LEFT CORNITH, GULF OP 152 CORMORANT here. Early on the morning of Oct. 4, the combined Confederate forces, under Van Dorn, Price, and Lovell attacked the Union lines at Corinth. The fight lasted until night closed the contest. The Union army was driven back into the town. The battle was renewed next morning, and raged fiercely till noon, when the Confederates were repulsed and retreated. The Confederates num- bered in this fight 38,000 men; while General Rosecrans, who commanded the Union army, had not over 20,000. The Union loss was 315 killed, including Gen- eral Hackleman, 1,812 wounded, and 232 missing; the Confederate loss was 1,423 killed; wounded estimated at 5,692; 2,248, including 137 officers, taken pris- oners; and 3,300 stand of arms, 14 stand of colors, together with vast quantities of stores. Pop. (1920) 5,498; CORINTH, GITIiF OF, a beautiful inlet of the Mediterranean, about 80 miles long, between the Peloponnesus and northern Greece, having the Isthmus of Corinth closing it in on the E.; also known as the Gulf of Lepanto. CORINTH, ISTHMUS OF, the isth- mus which connects the Morea (Pelopon- nesus) with northern Greece, varying in width from 4 to 8 miles. A canal, about 4 miles long, was constructed across the isthmus in 1882-1893, which enables ves- sels to sail from the Archipelago to the Adriatic without rounding Cape Mata- pan. CORINTHIANS, EPISTLES TO THE, two epistles addressed to the Church at Corinth about a. D. 57 or 58, which have been admitted as genuine writings of St. Paul by even the most critical assailants of the New Testament canon. CORK, a city in the S. of Ireland, capital of the county of Cork, situated on the river Lee. It is 15 miles from the sea, and besides an upper harbor at the city itself, and quays extending over 4 miles in length, there is a lower harbor at Queenstown, 11 miles below. Cork is the third city in Ireland, and exports great quantities of grain, butter, bacon, eggs, and live stock. The principal in- dustries are tanning, distilling, brewing, and the making of tweeds and friezes. There are also iron foundries and yards for the building of iron ships. The principal buildings are the Protestant and Roman Catholic cathedrals, ex- change, custom house, chamber of com- merce, court house. Queen's College, etc. There is a naval dockyard at Haulbow- line, an Island within Cork harbor. The city was the scene of disorders during the Sinn Fein uprising of 1920. The Lord Mayor, Terence McSwiney, was found guilty of treason, and, refusing to eat while in prison, died of starvation. Pop. about 100,000. CORK, the outer layer of bark of the cork oak. It is a very elastic tissue con- sisting of thin-walled nearly cubical cells. It does not peel off, but often contains long clefts. It forms a protection to the subjacent cells from injurious influences. CORK, FOSSIL, a kind of mineral, a species of asbestos. CORK, EARL OF. Real nam^ R. Doyle, an English artist. CORKING PIN, a pin of a large size, formerly used for fixing a lady's head- dress. CORLEONE, town, province of Pa- lermo, Sicily, 42 miles S. of Palermo, and nearly 2,000 feet above the sea-level. The town was of chief importance in me- diaeval times, when the Saracens occupied it, the Lombards entering in the 12th century. The vine is cultivated in the vicinity, and there are interesting churches and castles. Pop. about 15,000. CORLISS, GEORGE HENRY, an American inventor; born in Easton, N. Y., June 2, 1817. The construction of stationary steam-engines was revolution- ized by his improvements and a single engine made by him moved all the ma- chinery in the Centennial Exposition of 1876. He died in Providence, R. I., Feb. 21, 1888. CORMORANT (bald-headed raven), a genus of web-footed birds in the order Steganopodes, besides pelicans, solan, ^eese, and frigate-birds. They are famil- iar birds, frequenting islands in most parts of the world. The head is relative- ly small, and is naked behind the eyes and at the root of the beak. At the breeding season some forms exhibit a crest and wattles. There is a dilatable membrane beneath the lower jaw. The bill is moderately long, straight, rounded above, and strongly hooked at the end. The neck is long, snake-like and naked on the throat. The wings are of moderate length; the tail is rather short and rounded, but with stiff feathers, which are used as aids in progression. The common British cormorant is an almost cosmopolitan bird about three feet long, for the most part of a black- ish-green metallic color, with brownish feathers on the shoulder region. When in full breeding plumage it has a crest on the head, white plumes on the throat, and a white patch on the lower flanks. The bill is black, the face yellow, the feet also black. It was formerly train <='d