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LEFT COPENHAGEN UNIVERSITY 142 COPERNICirs which are the Royal Society, founded in 1742; and the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries, founded in 1825; as well as agricultural and others. The royal library contains 500,000 volumes. The Museum of Northern Antiquities in Prindsens Palais, is unrivaled in its kind. The Thorwaldsen Museum consists of works of art by that sculptor himself, and others left by him to the Danish nation. The chief exports of Copenhagen are grain, rape-seed, butter, cheese, beef, cat- tle, wool, hides, bones, and grain-spirit. Porcelain, pianos, clocks, watches, math- ematical instruments, chemicals, sugar, beer, and tobacco are manufactured. About the middle of the 12th century, Copenhagen was but a fishing village. In 1254 the village obtained the privi- leges of a town, and in 1443 King Chris- topher made it the capital of the king- dom. It was several times attacked by the Hanseatic League; was besieged by the Swedes in the 17th century; was bombarded by the English, Dutch, and Swedes in 1700; suffered grievously by fires in 1728, 1794, and 1795; witnessed a great sea-fight in its roads on April 2, 1801, when the English, under Sir Hyde Parker, with Nelson as his second in command, destroyed the Danish fleet; and (to prevent the Danish fleet from falling into the power of Napoleon), was bombarded by the English from the 2d to the 5th of September, 1807, when great destruction was wrought, both in houses and public buildings, and hun- dreds of persons lost their lives. Pop. (1916) 506,390. COPENHAGEN, UNIVERSITY OF, the oldest university in northern Europe and the only one in Denmark, founded in 1478 and modelled after the university of Cologne, to which most of the Danish students had gone prior to that date. The university suffered so much from the wars and commotions attending the Reformation that it had to be re-estab- lished in 1539, this time taking as its model the university of Wittenberg. De- stroyed by fire in the 18th century, it was established in its present form in 1788. During the first half of the 19th century many men famous in Norse scholarship taught at Copenhagen. It is open to both sexes and its present enroll- ment (1919) is over 3,000. It is en- d(?wed, but a great share of its income is derived from the state. There are no charges for tuition. Attached to it are zoological and botanical gardens. COPEPODA, an order of Crustacea, ranked under the subclass entomostraca and the legion lophyropoda. They are animals of small size, the body divided into two segments, viz., a cephalothorax and an abdomen. There are two pairs of antennae, two pairs of footjaws, and five pairs of ordinary feet furnished with bristles and adapted for swimming. There are two families, the cyclopidse, which have but a single eye; and the cetochilidae, which have two eyes. The English book-name of the Copepoda is oar-footed crustaceans. COPERNICUS, or KOPPERNIGK, NICHOLAS, a noted astronomer; born in Thorn, Poland, Feb. 19, 1473. Having studied medicine at Cracow, he after- ward devoted himself to mathematics and astronomy, and in 1500 taught mathe- matics at Rome with great success. Re- turning to his own country he was made NICHOLAS COPERNICUS a canon in the cathedral of Frauenburg, and began to work out his new system of astronomy. Doubting that the mo- tions of the heavenly bodies could be so complicated as the Ptolemaic system