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LEFT COOK INLET 137 COOLIDGE great success. The philosophy of cook- ery has a very limited literature. In the third, sixth, and tenth essays of Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford (1796), "The Chemistry of Cookery," by W. Mattieu Williams (1885) ; and the Cantor Lectures on "The Scientific Basis of Cookery," by the same author, the subject is treated as a branch of applied science. COOK INLET, a bay of the Pacific Ocean, on the south coast of Alaska, about 200 miles in length and 60 miles at its greatest breadth. It is partially blocked with ice during the winter months, and in summer the rough coast line is sub- ject to frequent storms, but navigation is being rendered less dangerous every year. It contains several islands, the largest being Augustine Island, which has a volcanic mountain. The Sushitna and other rivers flow into it, and sev- eral active volcanoes are on the coast, among them Mt. Iliamna, 12,066 feet high. The chief harbor is Seldonia, and there are a number of other growing towns overlooking the bay. COOK ISLANDS, otherwise known as the Hervey Archipelago, lie about mid- way between the Society and Navigator groups, near 20° S. lat., and 158° W. Ion., and are some volcanic, some coral- line. The principal members of the clus- ter are Mangaia, Atiou, and Raratonga. The natives number about 7,000, mainly of the brown Polynesian stock. For- merly cannibals, they are now all Chris- tians, and dress after the European fashion. The islands were annexed by Great Britain in 1888. COOK, MOUNT, the highest peak of Australasia; is one of the southern Alps near the center of the range, on the W. side of the South Island of New Zea- land. It is 12,349 feet high, is covered with perpetual snow (the snow-line be- ing 3,500 feet lower than in Switzer- land), is difficult of access, and was scaled for the first time by the Rev. W. 3. Green on March 2, 1882. COOK STRAIT, discovered by Captain Cook on his first voyage, separates the N. and S. islands of the New Zealand group, and varies from 20 to 80 miles in width. COOLEY, THOMAS MCINTYRE, an American jurist; born in Attica, N. Y., Jan. 6, 1824. He was Professor of Law in the University of Michigan (1859 and 1881) ; chief -justice of that State (1868- 1869) ; chairman of the United States Interstate Commerce Commission (1887- 1891). He wrote: "A Treatise Upon Wrongs and Their Remedies" (Vol. i., 1878) ; "General Principles of Constitu- tional Law in the United States" (1880); etc. He died in Ann Arbor, Mich., Sept. 12, 1898. COOLIDGE, ARCHIBALD CARY, an American educator, born in Boston in 1866. He graduated from Harvard Uni- versity in 1887 and studied in Berlin and in Paris. He acted as private sec- retary to his uncle, T. J. Coolidge, for several years, and in 1893 was secretary of the American Legation at Vienna. He was appointed instructor of history in Harvard University in 1893, becom- ing assistant professor in 1899 and pro- fessor in 1908. From 1911 he was di- rector of the University Library. Hi was Harvard lecturer at the Sorbonne and other French universities in 1906 and 1907, and acted as delegate to the Pan - American Scientific Congress at Santiago, Chile, in 1908-1909. In 1913- 1914 he was Harvard exchange profes- sor at the University of Berlin. During the World War he acted as special agent of the State Department in Sweden and northern Russia, and was chief of the mission in Vienna. In 1919 he was at- tached to the Peace Conference as ad- viser and was a member of several sci- entific societies. He wrote "The United States as a World Power" (1908) ; and "Origins of the Triple Alliance" (1917). COOLIDGE, CALVIN, an American public official. Republican candidate for vice-president in 1920. He was born in 1872 in Plymouth, Vt., and graduated from Amherst College in 1895. In the fall of that year he began the study of law in the offices of Hammond and Field in Northampton, Mass., and two years later was admitted to the bar. Soon after he entered the practice of law he was elected a member of the North- ampton City Council, and has held pub- lic office almost continuously since. In 1900 and 1901 he was City Solicitor of Northampton. From 1907-1908 he was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and later Mayor of Northampton. In 1912-1916 he served in the State Senate, being president of that body for two years. From 1916 to 1918 he held the post of Lieutenant-Gov- ernor of Massachusetts, and in 1918 was elected Governor of the State. During 1919 a strike of the Boston police left that city for a few days at the mercy of the lawless elements. Governor Coolidge took vigorous measures to enlist a volun- teer force and refused to make any terms with the strikers who were dis- charged and not re-employed. His action brought him nation-wide fame and was indorsed by a majority of the citizens of