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LEFT BISHOP 42 BISHOP and ruling over, the elders or presbyters, ops in Great Britain, the bishop of the At the deliberations held by the pres- northern district of Scotland, for in- byters of Philippi, of Miletus, or other stance, up to 1878 having the title of Christian churches, in all probability, Bishop of Nicopolis, one of their number was voted into the Suffragan bishops are bishops conse- chair. Times of persecution bring the crated to assist other bishops in dis- strongest to the front, and that strong charging the duties of their dioceses, man would, at nearly every crisis, pre- though any bishop is a suffragan in re- side over his fellows. A distinctive ap- lation to his archbishop, pellation was required to discriminate him from his colleagues, and gradually BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY, an he monopolized the term episkopos= English composer, born in London in overseer or bishop, leaving the humbler 1780; was trained under Bianchi, corn- designation of pres6t/teroi= presbyters poser to the London Opera House. From or elders, to his former equals. 1800, he composed about 100 works for T J ,. J • T-- 1 J the stage — among others the music of In modern times, and in England, a ^q^ Mannering," "The Slave," "The bishop IS a spiritual overseer ranking filler and His Men," "Maid Marian," beneath an archbishop, and above the .^The Virgin of the Sun," "Aladdin," priests or presbyters and deacons of his "Hamlet," versions of operas by Ros- diocese, but his jurisdiction is territorial, sj^j Meyerbeer and others, "Waverley," not personal Before a bishop can be "Manfred," etc. From 1810 to 1824 he consecrated he must be 30 years of age. ^^^ musical composer and director to The Established Church of England IS Covent Garden Theater. He also ar- Episcopal and of its 40 bishops (1920) ranged several volumes of the National 24 sit m the House of Lords. They are melodies. In 1841 he became Professor technically called lords spiritual but are of Music in Edinburgh University, and not considered peers of the realm; they j^ 1848 in the University of Oxford! He are only lords of Parliament, nor is their ^ied in London, April 30, 1855. dignity hereditary. They rank m pre- cedence below viscounts and above bar- BISHOP, ISABELLA BIRD, an Eng- ons. Their style is the Right Rev. the Hsh author and traveler, born in York- Lord Bishop of - —, and they are ad- shire about 1832; made her first trip dressed as My Lord. Among the spin- abroad 1855, when she visited Prince Ed- tual duties which they discharge are the ward's Island and United States, and has confirmation of young people prior to since circumnavigated the globe three their partaking of the communion, the times. She spent much time in Japan, ordination of priests and deacons, the and in 1894-1895 made her third trip to consecration of churches and of burial Korea. She was in Seoul when the war grounds, the institution or collation to broke out, 1894, and was the first person vacant churches, with a general super- whose war correspondence reached Lon- intendence of morals and doctrine of the don. Her publications include "Six clergy. Months in the Sandwich Islands" In the United States a bishop is the (1873) ; "A Lady's Life in the Rocky highest dignitary, the chief pastor, in Mountains" (1874) ; "Unbeaten Tracks the Greek Catholic and Protestant Epis- in Japan" (1880) ; "Journeys in Persia copal Churches. These bishops gener- and Kurdestan" (1892) ; "Among the ally claim to be successors of the apos- Tibetans" (1894) ; "Korea and Her ties. In the Methodist Episcopal, and Neighbors" (1898) ; "The Yangtze Val- other evangelical Churches, the office ley" (1899) ; etc. She died in 1904. of the bishop is maintained, but with less of formal dignity and without BISHOP, MAJOR WILLIAM any claim to apostolic succession. All AVERY, a Canadian aviator, born in Catholic bishops claim direct apostolic 1885. He was a member of the Cana- succession. dian military establishment in 1911, and Bishops in partibus infideUum (in went to France with the first expedi- parts occupied by the infidels), in the tionary force at the outbreak of the Roman Catholic Church, are bishops World War. He joined the aviation arm, consecrated in succession to those who and soon became known as one of the were the actual bishops in places where most daring and successful airmen on the Christianity has become extinct, or al- Allied side. He had numberless hair- most so, through the spread of Moham- breadth escapes and brought down a medanism, as in Syria, Asia Minor, and larger number of German machines than the N. coast of Africa. Such titles are any other aviator who served in the war. given to missionary bishops in countries He won the Victoria Cross by his ex- imperfectly Christianized, and were for- ploits. He wrote "Winged Warfare; merly given to the Roman Catholic bish- Hunting the Hun in the Air" (1918).