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LEFT CHAUDIEBE 442 CHAVANNES dismissed from his comptrollership, and reduced to a state of comparative pov- erty. Three years later, however, he was made clerk of the works at two shillings a day, and afterward had other offices and one or two annuities be- stowed upon him, but in 1394-1398 must have been quite poor. In 1399 he got a pension of 40 marks from Henry IV., but did not live long to enjoy it. His Jnost celebrated work, "The Canterbury GEOFFREY CHAUCER -I'ales," was written at different periods between 1373 and 1400. It consists of a series of tales in verse (two in prose), supposed to be told by a company of pilgrims to the shrine of St. Thomas (Becket) at Canterbury in 1386. In its pages we get such pictures of English life and English ways of thought in the 14th century as are found nowhere else. Besides his great work Chaucer wrote many poems: "The Book of the Duch- ess" (1369), "The Parliament of Fovrls" ^374), "Troilus and Cressida" (1380- 1382), "The Legend of Good Women" (1385), "The House of Fame" (1386), etc., some of which are founded on French or Italian works. He also trans- lated "Boethius." He died in London, Oct. 25, 1400, and was buried in West- minster Abbey. CHADTDIERE (shod-yar'), a river and lake of Canada. The river joins the St. Ijawrence from the S., 7 miles above Quebec, and, 2% miles from its mouth, forms the celebrated falls of Chaudiere. The lake — merely one of the many ex- pansions of the Ottawa — has on its right the city of that name, the capital of the Dominion. CHAUMONT (sho-mon), a town of France, capital of the department of Haute-Marne, on a height between the Marne and the Suize, with manufactures in woolens, hosiery, etc. Here the allies (Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia) signed the treaty of alliance against Napoleon, March 1, 1814. Pop. about 15,000. CHAUTAUQUA INSTITUTION, an organization founded in 1874 to carry on educational activities through vari- ous methods; first, by public assembly held annually; second, through summer schools, also held annually; and, third, through home reading courses. The as- semblies are held each year at Chautau- qua, N. Y., and many notable lecturers are on the educational staff. Over 50,- 000 persons regularly attend the annual assemblies. In the home reading courses are enrolled over 10,000 mem- bers. In 1919 a campaign was carried on for funds for the support of the in- stitution. Nearly $600,000 had been raised by the end of the year. On the faculty of its summer schools are over 90 teachers. CHAUTAUQUA LAKE, a beautiful lake in Chautauqua co., New York, 18 miles long and about 2 miles wide, 726 feet above Lake Erie, from which it is 8 miles distant. On its banks is the vil- lage of Chautauqua, the center of the religious and educational movement known as Chautauqua Institution (q. v.). CHAUVENET, WILLIAM, an Amer- ican astronomer and mathematician; born in Milford, Pa., May 24, 1819. He was graduated at Yale in 1839, and be- came instructor in mathematics at the Philadelphia Naval Asylum in 1841, pro- fessor of mathematics and astronomy at the United States Naval Academy in 1845, and professor of astronomy at Washington University, St. Louis, in 1859. In 1862 he became chancellor of the last institution. He wrote "Spheri- cal and Practical Astronomy," "Elemen- tary Geometry," and similar works. He died in St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 13, 1870. CHAUX-DE-FONDS, LA, a town of Switzerland, in the canton of Neuchatel. It is in the valley of the Jura, about 3,000 feet above sea-level. The town contains a Protestant church, a hospital, a college, and other institutions. Its chief industry is the manufacture of watches, scientific instruments, and arti- cles in gold, silver, bronze, and enamel. Pop. about 40,000. CHAVANNES. See Puvis de Cha- VANNES. ,