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LEFT CHABLOTTE 435 CHARTERHOUSE railroads. The. city has important in- dustries, including the manufacture of furniture, automobiles, bridges, road culverts, etc. It has a public library. Pop. (1910) 4,886; (1920) 5,126. CHARLOTTE, a city and county-seat of Mecklenburg co., N. C, on Sugar creek, and the Southern, the Seaboard Air Line, and several other railroads, 226 miles N. E. of Atlanta, Ga. It is the trade center of Mecklenburg and sur- rounding counties, and also the center of the Southern cotton mill industry, having more than 300 mills within a radius of 100 miles; is the seat of Biddle University, and a military institute; has several churches, parks, opera houses, public library. National banks, and weekly newspapers. The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence was adopted here in 1775, and the city was occupied by the British in 1780. Pop. (1910) 34,014; (1920) 46,338. CHARLOTTE AMALIE, the capital of the island of St. Thomas, Virgin Islands of the United States, West In- dies. It has a spacious harbor. Pop. about 8,000. CHARLOTTE AUGUSTA, PRINCESS, daughter of Queen Caroline and George IV., born at Carlton House, Jan. 7, 1796. She was carefully educated and highly accomplished. In 1816 she married Prince Leopold of Coburg, afterward King of the Belgians, and died Nov. 5, 1817. CHARLOTTENBURG, a town of Prussia, on the Spree, about 3 miles from Berlin, of which it is one of the most important residential suburbs, with a palace and park, important educa- tional institutions, and many places of amusement, as also a number of indus- trial and manufacturing establishments. Pop. about 350,000. CHARLOTTESVILLE, a city and county-seat of Albemarle co., Va., on the Chesapeake and Ohio and the South- ern railroads, and on the Rivanna river, 96 miles S. W. of Washington. It is the seat of the University of Virginia and within 3 miles of Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson; is a popular sum- mer resort; has important manufactures, electric lights and street railways, a Na- tional bank, several daily and weekly newspapers, etc. Pop. (1910) 6,765; (1920) 10,688. CHARLOTTETOWN, a city and capi- tal of Prince Edward Island, Canada, in Queen's co., on Hillsborough bay, at the confluence of three rivers, and on the Prince Edward Island railway. The city is well laid out, and has an excellent harbor, fine Provincial and Dominion buildings, Postoffice, Y. M. C. A. build- ing, court house, Roman Catholic cathe- dral, public library, and an Insane Asylum. It is the seat of Prince of Wales College, St. Dunstan's College, and a Methodist college; has a high school, a business college, and several common schools, and many industries, including foundries, machine shops, car- riage and furniture factories, breweries, etc. Charlottetown is connected with va- rious parts of the Dominion by steam- ship lines. It is lighted by gas and elec- tricity; has an extensive water works system, several daily and weekly news- papers, and banks, and is the see of a Roman Catholic bishop. Pop. about 12,000, CHARON (ka'ron), the ferryman who conducted the souls of the departed in a boat across the Stygian lake to receive judgment from Heacus, Radamanthus, and Minos, the judges of the infernal regions. He received an obolus from every passenger, for which reason that piece of money was placed in the mouths of the dead. He was said to be the son of Erebus and Night. CHARPENTIER, GUSTAVE, a French composer, born in Dieuze, France, in 1860. He studied music at the Paris Conservatory and in 1892 pro- duced a symphonic drama entitled "Life of the Poet." His most notable work was the opera "Louise," for which he wrote both the words and music. This was produced in 1898 in Paris and later in Germany, England, and the United States. Other works of his also were ,* received with considerable success. '%- CHARTA, MAGNA. See MAGNA Charta. CHARTERHOUSE, a celebrated school and charitable foundation in London, England. In 1370 Sir Walter Manny and Northburgh, Bishop of Lon- don, built and endowed it as a priory for Carthusian monks (hence the name, a corruption of Chartreuse, the cele- brated Carthusian convent). After the dissolution of the monasteries it passed through several hands till it came into the possession of Thomas Sutton, who converted it into a hospital, richly en- dowed, consisting of a master, preacher, head schoolmaster, with 44 boys and 80 indigent gentlemen, together with a physician and other officers and servants of the house. Each boy is educated at a certain expense, and each pensioner receives food, clothing, lodging, and an allowance of about $130 a year. The