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LEFT CHAMBERS 416 CHAMISSO nalism. He developed marked talent as a writer of plays and many of his pro- ductions were given successfully in Eng- land and the United States. They in- clude "Captain Swift"; "John a' Dreams"; "The Tyranny of Tears"; "The Impossible Woman," and "The Days of the Duke." CHAMBERS, ROBERT WILLIAM, an American artist and novelist, born in Long Island, N. Y., 1865. He was one of the most prolific writers of fiction. Much of his work appeared in maga- zines. He wrote: "The King in Yel- low"; "The Red Republic"; "A King and a Few Dukes"; "Cardigan"; "Lorraine"; "The Fighting Chance"; "The Firing Line"; "The Green Mouse"; "Streets of Ascalon"; "The Girl Philippa"; "The Restless Sex"; "The Crimson Tide," etc. CHAMBERS, WILLIAM, a Scotch prosewriter and editor, brother and part- ner of Robert, born in Peebles, April 16, 1800. He wrote "Things as They Are in America" (1854) ; "American Slavery and Color" (1857) ; "France, its History and Revolutions" (1871) ; "Stories of Old Families and Remarkable Persons" (1878). He also compiled a "Hand Book of American Literature" (1857). He died in Edinburgh, May 20, 1883. CHAMBERSBXJRG, a borough and county-seat of Franklin co., Pa., on the Conococheague and Falling Creeks and the Cumberland Valley and Western Maryland railroads, 52 miles W. S. W. of Harrisburg. In Early's raid in the Civil War General McCausland entered Chambersburg with Confederate caval- ry, July 30, 1864, and demanded a tribute of $200,000 gold; this not being paid, the place was set on fire and two-thirds of it burned, causing a loss of $1,000,000. It was soon rebuilt, chiefly of brick or stone, and is now the seat of Wilson Col- lege, for women, and has an academy, several churches, and newspapers, pub- lic schools, manufactories, machine shops. National banks, etc. Pop. (1910) 11,800; (1920) 13,171. CHAMBERY (sham-ba're'), capital of the former duchy and present French department of Savoie, beautifully situ- ated between two ridges of hills, amid gardens and country-seats, 370 miles S. E. of Paris. The scenery around, with the river Laisse flowing throusrh the valley, is exceedingly fine. The town it- self, however, is dull and uninteresting, with narrow and gloomy streets winding between hie-h. well-built houses. Nota- ble edifices are the small cathedral, the palace of justice, and the old castle of the Dukes of Savoie, restored early in the 19th century. Chambery has manufactures of clocks, silk-gauze, soap, hats, paper, and a trade in silk, wine, coal, etc. Pop. about 25,000. CHAMBORD (shan-bor'), a castle, park, and village, near Blois, department of Loir-et-Cher, in France. The splendid castle, in the Renaissance style, was mainly built by Francis I., being begun in 1526, and was completed under Louis XIV. In 1745 it was given by Louis XV. to Marshal Saxe, who died there in 1750. Napoleon gave it to Berthier, and in 1821 a company of Legitimists bought it and gave it to the Duke of Bordeaux, in name of the people of France. CHAMELEON, the animal known to naturalists as Chamseleon africanus. Ow- ing to the rete miicosum containing two kinds of coloring matter, the animal fre- quently changes color to the eye of the observer, a property which has rendered it an object of curiosity in all ages. It CHAMELEON was anciently fabled to live on air. It has but five cervical vertebrae. The hind as well as fore toes are five; trunk mounted high on the legs, forming an exception to the majority of reptiles; lungs very large; tongue cylindrical, ex- tensile, and retractile, terminating in a dilated and tubular tip covered with a glutinous secretion, by means of which the animal catches its food of insects, flies, etc. Reproduction is by means of eggs. CHAMINADE, CECILE LOUISE STlfePHANIE, a French composer, born in Paris in 1861. She studied music in Paris and made several successful re- cital tours in England and the United States. She wrote many pieces of music which had high merit. These include a dramatic symphony, "Trios," and a large number of works for piano and violin, besides many songs. CHAMISSO, ADELBERT DE (sha- mis'o), a German poet, bom at the castlp