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LEFT CAUTO 386 CAVAN empties tnto the Pacific Ocean. Its length is about 200 miles. The province of Cautin has an area of 6,381 square miles; pop. about 165,000; capital, Te- niuco (pop. about 32,000). CAUTO, a river of Cuba, rising in the province of Santiago de Cuba, and after a northwesterly course of about 20 miles, flowing W. into Buena Esperanza Bay. It is about 125 miles long and is naviga- ble for small boats for about 75 miles. CAVA DEI TIRRENI, an Italian city in the southern province of Salerno, situated three miles N. W. of the city of that name. It contains a cathedral, sev- eral other churches, a seminary and a convent. The principal manufactures are silk, cotton, and linen. About a mile from the town is the great Benedictine Convent of the Trinity, founded by St. Alferius in 1025. The town is a popular spring and summer resort. Pop. about 24,000. CAVAIGNAC, LOUIS EUGENE, a French general, born in Paris, Oct. 15, 1802. His father, Jean Baptiste Cavai- gnac, was a furious revolutionist and member of the Council of Five Hundred. Young Cavaignac in 1824 joined the 2d Regiment of Engineers, and being at Ar- ras on the outbreak of the revolution of 1830, he was the first officer in his regi- ment to declare for the new order of things. In 1832 he was sent to Africa, where he remained for several years, and greatly distinguished himself. When the revolution of 1848 broke out Cavai- gnac was appointed Governor-General of Algeria; but on being elected a member of the Constituent Assembly he returned to Paris and was appointed Minister of War. At the outbreak of the June in- surrection Cavaignac was appointed dic- tator, with unlimited powers. By the energy of Cavaignac, aided by the loyalty of the army and the National Guard, the insurrection was suppressed. Toward the close of the year he became a candi- date for the presidency of the republic, but was defeated by Louis Napoleon. After the coup d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851, he was arrested and conveyed to the for- tress of Ham, but was liberated after about a month's detention. In 1852 and in 1857 he was elected member for Paris of the legislative body, but on both occa- sions was incapacitated from taking his seat by refusing to take the oath of al- legiance to the Emperor. He died in .^•arthe, Oct. 28, 1857. CAVALCANTI, GUIDO (kav-al-kan' te), a Florentine poet, born about 1246. He married Beatrice, daughter of Fari- nata degli Uberti (chief of the Ghibel- line faction at Florence) ; but he himself seems to have had leanings toward the Guelph party; for, becoming too inti- mate with the followers of the Cerchi, he was banished (June 24, 1300), along with the others, to Sarzana. As a poet he was, until the coming of Dante, the head of that school of poetry which had been founded by Guincelli of Bologna, a school which delighted in philosophical, mystical sentiment. His writings are confined chiefly to sonnets, canticles, and ballads. His best known poem is his canzone on the "Nature of Love." Among his contemporaries his epicurean philosophy gained him suspicion of athe- ism. Cavalcanti's friendship with Dante, one of the most interesting things about his life, took the delightful form of ex- change of sonnets; and to it we owe some of the most delicate work of both. He died in Florence in 1300. CAVALRY, a body of troops which serve on horseback, one of the three great classes of troops, and a formidable power in the hands of a leader who knows how to employ it with effect. Its adaptation to speedy movements is a great advan- tage, which enables a commander to avail himself immediately of a decisive mo- ment, when the enemy exposes a weak point, or when disorder appears in his ranks. It is a very important instru- ment in completing the defeat of an enemy, in disconcerting him by a sudden attack, or overthrowing him by a power- ful shock. It is very serviceable in pro- tecting the wings and center of an army, for escorts, for blockading, for intercept- ing the supplies of the enemy, for procur- ing intelligence, for covering a retreat, for foraging, etc. The employment of cavalry in modei'n armies is limited chiefly to scouting pur- poses. While there were large bodies of cavalry in the various armies during the World War, it was only in rare and ex- ceptional circumstances that these were employed on a large scale in attack. Even in reconnoitering cavalry has been largely superseded by motorcycles. The armies reconstructed after the World War, however, still included a comparatively large number of cavalry regiments. For the number and position of these regiments in the United States army, see Military Organization, United States. CAVAN, a county in the province of Ulster, Ireland, having Longford and Westmeath on the S., Fermanagh and Monaghan on the N., Louth on the E., and Leitrim on the W. Area, 746 square miles. It is traversed by a number of rivers, of which the chief are the Black- water, the Erne, the Annalee, and the