Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 02.djvu/41

LEFT BILBILIS 27 SILL the V. uliginosum is acid, and produces lah and Copt population of Egypt suffer giddiness and headache when eaten in from this parasite. The embryos are cili- too large quantity. ated, but the life history is not known. BILBILIS, an old Iberian city of Spain, 2 miles E. of the modern town of Calatayud, in the province of Saragossa, chiefly celebrated as the birthplace of the poet Martial, but also famed for its highly tempered steel blades. BILE, an animal fluid secreted by the liver. It is collected from venous and not from arterial blood. It is a viscid, transparent liquid of a very deep yellow or greenish color, darkening by expo- sure to the air. Its odor is disagree- able; its taste nauseous and bitter. It has an alkaline reaction. When the bile is elaborated in the liver, it is received from the secreting vessels by very minute tubes, which, uniting, form the hepatic duct. The bile is conveyed into the gall hi adder by means of the cystic, or into the duodenum by the choledoch duct; that which makes its way into the former receptacle is called the cystic bile, and that which enters the latter the hepatic bile. Cystic bile is deeper in color and more viscid, pungent, and bitter than hepatic bile. One main use of bile is to convert chyme into chyle as one step in the process of digestion. BILED-UL-GERID (-jer'id), a tract of north Africa, Ijring between the S. declivity of Atlas and the Great Desert, noted for the production of date-palms. BILGE, the breadth of a ship's bottom, or that part of her floor which ap- proaches to a horizontal direction, on which she would rest if aground. Bilge water, water which enters a ship and lies upon her bilge or bottom. Bilge ways, planks of timber placed under a vessel's bilge on the building slip to sup- port her while launching. BILHAEZIA idistomum or gynieco- phorus hsimatohius), a parasitic flat worm in the fluke or trematode order, and belonging either to the same genus as the common liver fluke {D. Iiepati- eum), or to one very closely related. In all other trematodes the sexes are united, the animals are hermaphrodite, but here a grooved canal, formed from two folds of skin on the ventral surface of the larger male, contains the female. Pairs thus united are found in the portal and other vessels in the abdominal re- gion, both in men and monkeys. They are especially abundant in boys, and cause hjematuria and other troubles. They occur from Escypt southward to the Cape. It is said that half of the Fel- BILIARY CALCULUS, a concretion which forms in the gall bladder or bile ducts; gall stone. It is generally com- posed of a peculiar crystalline fatty mat- ter which has been called cholesterine. BILL, a written or printed paper con- taining a statement of any particulars. In common use a tradesman's account, or a printed proclamation or advertise- ment, is thus called a bill. In legisla- tion a bill is a draft of a proposed statute submitted to a legislative assem- bly for approval, but not yet enacted or passed ana made law. When the bill has passed and received the necessary as- sent, it becomes an act. Bill of Adventure. — A writing signed by a merchant, in which he states that certain goods shipped in his name really belong to another person, at whose risk the adventure is made. Bill of Attainder. — A bill declaring that the person named in it is attained and his property confiscated. The Con- stitution of the United States declares that no State shall pass any bill of at- tainder. Bill of Costs. — A statement of the items which form the total amount of the costs of a suit or action. This is demandable as a matter of right before the payment of the costs. Bill of Credit. — A letter sent by an agent or other person to a merchant, de- siring him to give the bearer credit for goods or money. It is frequently given to one about to travel abroad, and em- powers him to take up money from the foreign correspondents of the person from whom the bill or letter of credit was received. Bill of Entry. — A written account of goods entered at the custom-house, whether imported or designed for ex- portation. Bill oj Exceptio^is. — A bill of the na- ture of an appeal from a judge who is held to have misstated the law, whether by ignorance, by inadvertence, or by de- sign. This the judge is bound to seal if he be requested by the counsel on either side so to do. The exceptions noted are reviewed by the court to which appeal is taken, and if the objections made to the rulings of the trial judge are well founded, the finding in the case is reversed, and usually the cause is re- manded for a new trial. Bill of Exchange. — A bill or security originally introduced for enabling a merchant in one country to remit money