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LEFT CAPE NOME 334 CAPERCAILZIE 1902. He was lecturer on sociological subjects on the American Board of For- eign Missions from 1904 to 1907. In 1911 he was one of the faculty of the Kennedy School of Missions, becoming instructor in sociology, associate profes- sor, professor, and dean successively. He was a member of many important commissions and was a delegate to sev- eral international conferences on mis- sions. In 1912 he was ordained to the Congregational ministry. He wrote "So- ciological Progress in Mission Lands" (1913) ; and many articles and pam- phlets on missions. He also edited sev- eral works relating to missions. CAPE NOME, a cape and center of a rich gold mining region, on the S. face of the peninsular projection of Alaska, which separates Kotzebue Sound on the N. from Bering Sea on the S., and termi- nates on the W. in Cape Prince of Wales, the extent of the North American con- tinent. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, a promontory near the S. extremity of Africa, at the termination of a small peninsula extend- ing S. from Table mountain, which over- looks Cape Town. This peninsula forms the W. side of False Bay, and on its inner coast is Simon's Bay and Simon's Town, where there is a safe anchorage and a British naval station. Bartholo- mew Diaz, who discovered the Cape in 1487, called it Cape of Storms; but John II. of Portugal changed this to its pres- ent designation. It was first doubled by Vasco da Gama in 1497. Here is one of the principal astronomical institutions of the world. About the middle of the 16th century the French astronomer, Lacaille, made an exceedingly valuable series of observations at the Cape. Ever since the English have had a colony there they have kept up astronomical work, the Cape having been the scene of the labors of several celebrated English astrono- mers, among them Sir John Herschel. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, a province in the Union of South Africa, which, up to 1910, was known as Cape Colony. It is located at the southern extremity of the African continent, surrounded by the ocean on V/., S., and E., and on the N. by Southwest Africa and on the N. and N. E. by Bechuanaland, the Orange Free State, Basutoland, and the province of Natal. The area is 276,000 square miles. The country is fertile in sections, but arid in others. There are several moun- tain ranges that divide the country into great plateaux or terraces. The most important rivers are the Orange, Oli- fants, Gauritz, Gamtoos, and Great Fish. The country is rich in minerals^ its most valuable product being diamonds. More of these are produced here than in any other part of the world. The famous Kimberley and DeBeers mines are lo- cated in the province. There are also large mines of copper, coal, gold, and iron, while amethysts and agates are fre- quently found. The climate is healthful and, except in certain sections, the heat is not gi'eat. The mean temperature for the year at the capital. Cape Town, is about 62 degrees. Grain is raised in con- siderable quantity as well as vegetables and a wonderful variety of fruits, such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, melons, oranges, etc., which form important ar- ticles of commerce. The country, how- ever, is better adapted for grazing than agriculture, and sheep-raising is the most important industry. The value of the wool exported is little less than the value of the diamonds. Cattle breeding also is extensively carried on along the coast and in the northern and easterw dis- tricts. The exports in 1919 wer« about $45,000,000, and the imports over $75,- 000,000. The figures for exports do not include diamonds which, in themselves, have an annual value of $60,000,000. There are nearly 4,00,0 miles of railway in operation in the province. The chief towns are Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and Kimberley. ^ On May 31, 1910, the colony, under its present name, was merged into the Union of South Africa. The population is about 3,000,000, of which about 600,000 are Europeans. See South Africa, Union of. CAPE ORTEGAL, a rugged promon- tory forming the N. extremity of Spain, extending into the Bay of Biscay, in lat. 43° 45' N., Ion. 7° 56' W. CAPER, the unopened flower-bud of a low trailing shrub {Capparis spinosa, order Capparidacex), which grows from the crevices of ^ rocks and walls, and among rubbish, in the countries border- ing the Mediterranean. Picked and pickled in vinegar and salt they are much used as a condiment (caper sauce being especially the accompaniment of boiled mutton). The plant was intro- duced into Great Britain as early as 1596, but has never been grown on a large scale. The flower-buds of the marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) and the nasturtium are frequently pickled and eaten as a substitute for capers. CAPERCAILZIE, the wood grouse, mountain cock, or cock of the woods — a species of grouse, Tetrao urogallus, of large size, formerly indigenous in the highlands of Scotland, but which became extinct, and had to be reintroduced from the Scandinavian Peninsula, where it is