Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 02.djvu/383

LEFT CANTERBUBY 329 CANTERBURY Congress passed a law forbidding the sale of liquors in post exchanges. The word is also applied to a flat can or metallic bottle used by soldiers for car- rying drinking water. CANTERBURY, a city and parlia- mentary and municipal borough of Eng- land in Kent, 62 miles S. E. of London, giving name to an archiepiscopal see, the occupant of which is primate of all England. The Roman name was Duro- vernum, and the place was of early im- portance. Its present name is a modifi- cation of the Saxon Cant-wara-byrig, cathedral. The city is beautifully situ- ated in a fertile vale, on the river Stour. Small portions of the old walls and one of the old gates still remain. The cathe- dral, one of the finest ecclesiastical struc- tures in England, 530 feet in length and 154 in breadth, has been built in dif- ferent ages, the oldest part dating from about 1174. The great tower, 235 feet in height, is a splendid specimen of the Pointed style. Other ecclesiastical buildings are St. Augustine's monastery, now a church missionary college, St. Margaret's church, and the church dedi- cated to St. Martin, believed to be one CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL the Kentishmen's city. The foundation of the archiepiscopal see took place soon after the arrival of St. Augustine in 596. In the 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th centuries the city was dreadfully ravaged by the Danes, but at the Conquest its buildings exceeded in extent those of London. The ecclesiastical importance of the place was consummated by the murder of Thomas a Becket in the cathedral, the priory and see benefiting by the offer- ings of devotees and pilgrims at his shrine. Henry VIII. dissolved the pri- ory in 1539, and ordered the bones of Becket to be burned; and the troopers of Oliver Cromwell made a stable of the of the oldest existing Christian churches. The old archiepiscopal palace is now represented by a mere fragment, and the archbishops have long resided at Lam- beth. Canterbury has a royal grammar- school, founded by Henry VIIL, numer- ous other schools, art gallery, etc. There are breweries and malting establish- ments; and the principal articles of trade are corn and hops. There are extensive barracks for cavalry and infantry. Pop. about 25,000. CANTERBURY, a district occupying most of the center of South Island, New Zealand, with a coast line of 200 miles,