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LEFT CANROBEBT 328 CANTEEN of the Conservative journal "Patria," and in 1854 entered the public service as member of the Cortes; thereafter he held various posts in the government. At his death he had been for some years prime minister. He was editor-in-chief of a "General History of Spain," con- sisting of monographs by sundry writ- ers, of which the first volume appeared in 1890. He was assassinated at the baths of Santa Aqueda, Aug. 8, 1897. CANROBEBT, FBANCOIS CERTAIN (kan-ro-bar'), Marshal of France, born at St. Cere in Lot, June 27, 1809, studied in the military academy of St. Cyv, and in 1828 entered the army. He had seen close upon 20 years' brilliant service in Algeria, and had actively supported the future emperor at the coup d'etat of 1851, when in January, 1853, he received the rank of a general of division. As such he commanded the first division of the French army under Marshal St. Ar- naud, sent to the Crimea in 1854; and at the battle of the Alma was wounded in the breast and hand by the splinter of a shell. On St. Amaud's death, nine days later, Canrobert assumed the chief command of the French army. In the war in Italy against the Austrians (1859) Canrobert had the command of the third division of the French army, and fought at the battles of Magenta and Solferino. In the Franco-German war of 1870 he was shut up in Metz with Bazaine, and became a prisoner in Ger- many. He was an ardent Imperialist till the death of the Prince Imperial (1879). In 1876 he became a member of the Senate. He died Jan. 28, 1895. CANSO, CAPE, the E. extremity of Nova Scotia, at the entrance of Cheda- bucto Bay. Canso Strait, a passage 17 miles in length and 2% in average breadth, separates Nova Scotia from the island of Cape Breton. CANTABILE (kan-tab'i-le), in music, a term applied to movements intended to be performed in a graceful, elegant, and melodious style. ^ CANTABBI, the rudest and most valiant of all the old Iberian tribes an- ciently inhabiting the N. mountains of Spain. CANTABRIAN MOUNTAINS, the general name of the various mountain ranges extending from the western Py- renees along the N. coast of Spain to Cape Finisterre. CANTACUZENUS (kan-ta-ko-ze'nus), a Greek princely family. (1) Johannes Cantacuzenus was a noted soldier and statesman of the Byzantine empire in the reigns of Andronicus II. and III., the latter of whom in 1341 left him guardian and prime minister of his son, Johannes V., then nine years old. Can- tacuzenus, however, proclaimed himself the child's colleague, Oct. 26, 1341, and after a five years' civil war secured his recognition, as well as the marriage of one daughter to the young emperor, and of another to the Sultan Orchan, whose help had been necessary to him. A sec- ond war, during "Which the Turks occu- pied Gallipoli, caused his retirement in 1355 to a monastery, where he died in 1383. (2) Matthias, his son, was also made a colleague in the empire in 1353, and on his father's abdication began a war which ended two years later in his own deposition. He, too, died in 1383. (3) His brother Manuel (died 1380) was governor of Peloponnesus from 1348, and was recognized as despot of Misithra by Johannes V.; he did much to encourage the immigration of the Al- banians into the depopulated Morea. The family was notable among the Fana- riots, and in later years a Russian branch supplied several brave and suc- cessful leaders to the cause of Greek in- dependence. CANTAL, a central department in France, area 2,217 square miles; capi- tal, Aurillac. This department, formerly part of upper Auvergne, is named from its highest mountain, the Plomb du Can- tal, 6,094 feet in height. The greater part of it, occupied by the Cantal moun- tains and highlands, furnishes only tim- ber, archil, and pasture. It is watered by numerous rivers, the principal of which are the Dordogne, Cere, and Lot. The principal crops are rye, buckwheat, potatoes, chestnuts, hemp, and flax. Cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, and mules are reared in large numbers. Large quantities of cheese ("Auvergne cheese") are made. Hot mineral springs are abundant. Pop. about 225,000. CANTATA, a poem or dramatic com- position set to music, with solos and choruses. A cantata consisted origi- nally of a mixture of recitative and mel- ody, and was given to a single voice, but the introduction of choruses altered the first character of the cantata, and gave rise to some confusion in the man- ner of describing it. CANTEEN, in military language, a regimental establishment managed by a committee of officers, in barracks or forts, for the sale of liquors, tobacco, groceries, etc., to the soldiers at reason- able prices. The profits are employed for the benefit of the soldiers themselves. In the United States the official term used now is post exchange. In 1901