Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 02.djvu/353

CAMPANULACÆ extensive genus of herbaceous plants, giving the name to the order Campanulaceas. C. rapunculus is much cultivated for the roots, which are boiled tender and eaten hot with sauce, or cold with vinegar and pepper. The best known species is C. rotundifolia, the hare-bell, or blue-bell of Scotland. A blue ink is made of its juice. C glauca is said by the Japanese to be a tonic.

CAMPANULACEÆ, a natural order of plants, chiefly natives of this country, of the N. of Asia and Europe. More than 200 species of this family are known.

CAMPANULARIA, a genus of corals of the family Campanulariidae, in which the polypi assume a bell shape.

CAMPANULARIIDÆ, a family of marine polypi belonging to the order Hydroida. Cells terminal, stalked campanulate; polypes with a large trumpet-shaped proboscis. There are six genera.

CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER, founder of the sect known as the "Disciples of Christ," or more commonly the "Campbellites"; born near Ballymena, in County Antrim, Ireland, Sept. 12, 1788. He emigrated to the United States in 1807. Though at first a Presbyterian, in 1812 he formed a connection with the Baptists. In 1826 he published a translation of the New Testament, in which the words "baptism" and "baptist" gave place to "immersion" and "immerser." By his discussions on public platforms, and his serial publications, viz., the "Christian Baptist" and the "Millennial Harbinger," as well as by his assiduity in preaching tours and in training young men for the ministry, Campbell gradually formed a large party of followers, who began about 1827 to form themselves into a sect under the designation of "The Disciples of Christ" (q. v.). In 1841 Campbell founded Bethany College in West Virginia, where he died March 4, 1866. His writings were numerous.

CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA TANNER, better known as Mrs. Pat. Campbell; an English actress, born at London in 1867. In 1884 she was married to Patrick Campbell, who six years later was killed in the South African War. She made her debut on the professional stage in 1888 in Liverpool and scored an instant success. Since that time she has been one of the most popular actresses in England. She has played with equal success abroad, having made several professional tours in the leading cities of the United States. She has played the roles of Juliet, Ophelia and Lady Macbeth in the Shakespearian drama and has been especially well fitted with parts in "The Second Mrs. Tanqueray" and "The Notorious Mrs. Ebbsmith." Some of Bernard Shaw's plays also have demonstrated her abilities. In 1914 she married George Cornwallis-West.

CAMPBELL, SIR COLIN, LORD CLYDE, a British military offcer; born in Glasgow, Oct. 20, 1792. His father was a carpenter, named Macliver, but Colin assumed the name of Campbell. He was severely wounded at the siege of San Sebastian and the passage of the Bidassoa. He took part in the expedition to the United States (1814), and then passed nearly 30 years in garrison duty. On the outbreak of the Crimean War, in 1854, he was appointed to the command of the Highland Brigade; the victory of the Alma was mainly his; and his, too, the splendid repulse of the Russians by the "thin red line" in the battle of Balaklava. When, on July 11, 1857, the news reached England of the sepoy mutiny. Lord Palmerston offered him the command of the forces in India. He effected the final relief of Lucknow, and on Dec. 20, 1858, having five months earlier been created Lord Clyde, announced to the Viceroy that the rebellion was ended. Returning next year to England, he was made a field-marshal, and received a pension of $10,000. He died Aug. 14, 1863.

CAMPBELL, THOMAS, a Scotch poet; born in Glasgow, July 27, 1777; educated at its university. After leaving the university he resided for a short time in Edinburgh, and all at once attained the zenith of his fame by publishing, in 1799, his "Pleasures of Hope." It produced an extraordinary sensation. In 1803, after spending some time in Germany, Campbell published an edition of the "Pleasures of Hope," with the addition of some of the finest lyrics in the English language, including "Hohenlinden," "Ye Mariners of England," and the "Exile of Erin." In 1803 he went to London, and in 1806 obtained a pension of £200 through the influence of Mr. Fox. After this he appears for a time to have given his attention less to poetry than prose, and wrote various compilations, articles for Brewster's "Edinburgh Encyclopædia," etc. In 1809 he again made his appearance as a poet, and published "Gertrude of Wyoming," "Lord Ullin's Daughter," and the "Battle of the Baltic." After publishing "Specimens of English Poets," accompanied by critical essays, he became editor, in 1820, of the "New Monthly Magazine." He took an active part in the foundation of London