Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 02.djvu/349

LEFT CAMOUFLAGE 305 CAMP the trial and conviction, in 1912, of its principal leaders. CAMOUFLAGE, in war, the art of concealing from the enemy by trickery ^^ CAMOUFLAGE — A PARTI-COLORED COSTUME FOR OBSERVER OR SNIPER or deceptive disguise; to make unrecog- nizable or impossible of discovery. The practice was carried on to a great ex- tent during the World War, both on land this end, the ships were painted with zig- zag markings, "zebra" stripes, wavering lines and various kinds of grotesque de- signs. These served to dizzy the sight and confuse the aim of the enemy. So effective were the results that by the end of the war there was scarcely a neutral or Allied vessel sailing the seas that was not thus camouflaged. The same art was resorted to on land to deceive the enemy gunners and aviators. CAMP, the space occupied by an army halted with tents pitched. A Roman encampment was, as a rule, a square, each side of it 2,150 Roman or 2,077 1-3 English feet. Each of the sides had a gate. The p7'incipia, or principal street, ran from side to side, not quite bisecting each of them. In the rear of it was another one parallel to the first. Be- hind this, part of the allied forces were encamped. In the center, between the two streets, were the quarters of the praetor commanding and his staff. Be- tween the principia and the front of the camp the body of the troops were en- camped. A street called quintaim ran parallel to the others through the center of this main part of the camp, and five streets crossed it at right angles. In modern camps, if not near the enemy, infantry are distributed on dry ground, the cavalry near water, the ar- tillery near good roads, the hospital and transport in rear. If near the enemy, they are arranged in order of battle. An intrenched camp is one surrounded A ROAD PROTECTED FROM AERIAL OBSERVATION BY CAMOUFLAGE and sea. The ravages of the submarine made it necessary for the Allies to ren- der their ships as difficult a mark as possible to the German gunners. To by earthworks. A flying camp is one to be occupied for a very brief period. A camp of instruction is one formed for the reception of troops to be maneuvered.