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LEFT CABRERA 271 CACHAO to have explained the variation of the magnetic needle in several places, which he was among' the first, if not the very first, to notice particularly. In 1553 he was the prime mover and director of the expedition of Merchant Adventurers which opened to England an important commerce with Russia. Of his famous map (1544), embodying the discoveries of his father and himself, one example exists, preserved in the Bibliotheque Na- tionale at Paris. He seems to have died in London in 1557. CABBEBA (ka-bra'ra), a small Span- ish island, one of the Balearic Isles. The chief industry of the inhabitants, consisting only of a few hundred, is fishing. CACAO, or COCOA, the chocolate tree (Theabrovia Cacao), natural order Byttneriacese, and also the powder and beverage made with it obtained from the fruit of this tree. The tree is 16 to 18 feet high, a native of tropical America, and much cultivated in the tropics of both hemispheres, especially in the West India Islands, Central and South Amer- ica. Its fruit is contained in pointed, oval, ribbed pods 6 to 10 inches long, each inclosing 50 to 100 seeds in a white, sweetish pulp. These are very nutritive, containing 50 per cent, of fat, are of an agreeable flavor, and used, both in their fresh state and when dried, as an article of diet. Cocoa and choco- different tree. In 1917 the world's cacao production was estimated at over 730,- 000,000 pounds. The chief cacao-pro- ducing countries, in their relative order, were: British colonies, Brazil, Ecuador, San Domingo, and Venezuela. CACAPON, or GREAT CACAPON, a river in West Virginia, It flows nearly N. W. through Hampshire and Morgan counties, and enters the Potomac about 5 miles from Berkeley Springs. Its length is about 140 miles. CACERES (ka'tha-ras), the second largest province of Spain, in the N. of Estremadura, owned chiefly by large proprietors, and mostly devoted to cat- tle-raising; the N. half is a good wine country. The area is 7,667 square miles, and the population about 425,000. The capital, Caceres, 45 miles N. of Merida by rail, is famous for its bacon and sausages, and has a bull-ring of granite, dye-works, and manufactures of woolens, crockery, and rope. It was the Castra Csecilia of the Romans, by whom it was founded in 74 B. c. ; and here the allied forces defeated the rear- guard of the Duke of Berwick, April 7, 1706. Pop. about 17,500. CACHALOT, a cetacean of the family Balsenidse. It is the Physeter macro- cephalus, called also the sperm or sper- maceti whale. The male is from 46 to 60, or even 70 feet long; the female from 30 to 35. It is black, becoming whitish CACHALOT late are made from them, the former being a powder obtained by grinding the seeds, and often mixed with other sub- stances when prepared for sale, the lat- ter being this powder mixed with sugar and various flavoring matters and formed into solid cakes. The seeds when roasted and divested of their husks and crushed are known as cocoa nibs. The seeds yield also an oil called butter of cacao, used in pomatum and for making candles, soap, etc. The term cocoa is a corruption of cacao, but is more com- monly used in commerce; cocoa nuts. however, are obtained from an entirely below. The cachalots feed chiefly on squids or cuttle-fishes. They are gre- garious, and go in schools, sometimes with as many as 500 or 600 individuals. There are two kinds. — female schools and schools of males not fully grown. With each female school are from one to three large bulls, or, as the whalers call them, schoolmasters. The cachalot inhabits the northern seas, but sti'ag- gles through a great part of the ocean. CACHAO, or HANOI, the largest city in the French Protectorate of Tonquin, on the Tonquin river, about 150 miles