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BUTLER  F. Butler" (1892). He died in Washington, D. C, Jan. 11, 1893.

 BUTLER, ELLIS PARKER, an American author; born in Muscatine, Ia., in 1869. The vein of humor that he opened up in his writings, dating from the publication of "Pigs Is Pigs" in 1906, appealed strongly to the public, and his books and magazine articles have proved very popular. Among the best known of his books are "The Incubator Baby" (1906); "Cheerful Smugglers" (1908); "Adventures of a Suburbanite" (1911); "The Jack-Knife Man" (1913); and "Dominie Dean, a Tale of the Mississippi" (1917).

 BUTLER, HOWARD CROSBY, American educator and archæologist; born in Croton Falls, N. Y., March 7, 1872. He graduated from Princeton University, and later pursued special studies at the Columbia School of Architecture and at the American Schools of Classical Studies in Rome and in Athens. In 1899, 1904, and 1909, he was at the head of archæological expeditions in Syria. He became professor of the history of architecture at Princeton in 1905. He wrote many articles for archæological journals and notable books on "Scotland's Ruined Abbeys" (1900) and "The Story of Athens" (1902).

 BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY, an American educator, born in Elizabeth, N. J., April 2, 1862. He was graduated at Columbia in 1882, where he became Assistant in Philosophy (1885), Adjunct Professor (1886), Dean of Faculty of Philosophy (1889), and Professor of Philosophy and Education (1890). He founded the New York College for Training of Teachers, and has written works on education. He became President of Columbia University in 1902. In recent years he was very active in the affairs of the Republican party, being prominently mentioned as a candidate for the Presidency in 1920. He was a member of many domestic and foreign learned societies, received numerous honorary degrees and foreign decorations, and published many addresses, essays, and reviews.

 BUTLER, SAMUEL, an English satirist, born in Strensham, Worcestershire, in February, 1612. He was educated at Oxford or Cambridge, occupied his leisure in studying music and painting, became a man of wide and curious learning, and gained his living as secretary and clerk to aristocratic personages. His famous poem, "Hudibras," a witty and sharp satire on the Puritans, secured instant favor with the King and the public; yet after the appearance of the first part in 1663, he spent 17 years in poverty and obscurity. The second and third divisions of "Hudibras" appeared in 1664 and 1678. The general design of the great poem was derived from "Don Quixote." The situations of the mock epic are few but ludicrous, and the whole canvas is embellished with imagination, raillery, subtle casuistry, brilliant epigrams, and sparkling wit. He died in London, Sept. 25, 1680.

 BUTLER COLLEGE, a coeducational institution, in Indianapolis, Ind.; organized in 1855; reported at the end of 1919: Professors and instructors, 24; students, 756; volumes in the library, 15,000; president, T. C. Howe, Ph. D.

 BUTT, ISAAC, an Irish patriot; the first to make political use of the phrase "Home Rule"; was the son of a Protestant rector, and was born in County Donegal, Sept. 16, 1813. Educated at Raphoe and at Trinity College, Dublin, he gained a brilliant reputation for his accomplished scholarship. In 1852 he was elected to Parliament as a Liberal Conservative for Youghal, for which constituency he sat until 1865. He defended Smith O'Brien and others in the State trials of 1848, and, with equal fearlessness and self-devotion, all the Fenian prisoners between the years 1865 and 1869. In 1871 he was elected for the city of Limerick to lead the Home Rule party, but soon found that he could not control them. He died May 5, 1879.

 BUTTE, a French word used in the United States for an abrupt, and usually isolated, eminence, sometimes appearing in the form of a lofty turret. They occur in picturesque grandeur along the banks of the Columbia river, in Oregon, and in the neighborhood of Butte, Mont.

<section end="Butte" /> <section begin="Butte (Montana)" />BUTTE, a city and county-seat of Silverbow co., Mont.; on the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific, and other railroads. It is one of the largest mining towns in the world, the mining industry being principally confined to copper mining, although there are valuable gold and silver mines. The Anaconda copper mines are located here. The city is the trade and jobbing center for southern and western Montana; has an extensive trolley system; gas and electric lights; National banks; public library; daily and weekly periodicals, the State School of Mines, etc. Pop. (1910) 39,165; (1920) 41,611.

<section end="Butte (Montana)" /> <section begin="Butter" />BUTTER, a fatty substance obtained from milk. Although occasionally made from the milk of goats, buffaloes, etc., it is commonly made from cow's milk. It was used by the ancients as a fuel or<section end="Butter" />