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LEFT BURBAGE 239 BURCHARD of wood, or, now, more commonly of metal. They are generally moored by chains to the bed of the channel, etc. They are of various shapes, and receive corresponding names; thus, there are the can buoy, the nun buoy, the bell buoy, the mooring buoy, the whistling buoy, etc. The name is also given to a floating object intended to keep a person afloat till he can be taken from the water: more particularly called a life buoy. BURBAGE, RICHARD, an English actor and contemporary of Shakespeare, was the son of James Burbage, also an actor, and the first builder of a theater in England, born about 1567. He was a member of the same company as Shakespeare, Fletcher, Hemming, Con- dell, and others, and filled all the great- est parts of the contemporary stage in turn. He was the original Hamlet, Lear, Othello, and Richard III., and played the leading parts in the plays of Beaumont and Fletcher, Ben Jonson, Webster, Marston, etc. Besides being an eminent actor, he seems to have been also a successful painter in oil colors. He died in 1619. BURBANK, LUTHER, an American naturalist; born at Lancaster, Mass., March 7, 1849. Much of his boyhood was spent on a farm, a circumstance to which is attributable the love of nature that led him, after three years in a wood-turning plant in Worcester, Mass., to direct his attention to horti- culture, especially with the view of ex- perimenting with new specimens. He bought a farm at Lunenburg, Mass., and devoted himself to the study of new varieties of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. He removed to Santa Rosa, Cal., in 1875, and established his ex- perimental farm under conditions of soil and climate most favorable for his in- vestigations. Here his successes were so pronounced that he was considered a veritable wizard of horticulture. He was the originator of new species of chestnuts and walnuts; of the low bush- like Delaware plumtree; of the Burbank plum, introduced with great success in New Zealand and south Africa; as well as of the Nickson, Gold, Chalco, and other new species of plum. From cross- ing with different varieties he has pro- duced many hybrids, among the most remarkable of which is a white black- berry. Not the least wonderful of his results have been obtained with flowers; the Shasta daisy, and the gigantic amaryllis, being among his many re- markable discoveries. His gardens con- stitute one of the features of that sec- tion of California, not only on account of the results of his skill, but also on account of their extensive operations, 80,000 lilies at one time being seen in full bloom. The Carnegie Institution awarded him $10,000 for 10 years for his experiments. Among his publications are: "Training of the Human Plant," "New Creations in Plants and Flowers," and "Fundamental Principles of Plant Breeding." BURBOT, or BURBOLT, a fish of the eod family, genus lota (L. vulgaris), shaped somewhat like an eel, but shorter, with a flat head. It has two small barbs on the nose and another on the chin. It is called also eel pout or coney fish, and is said to arrive at its greatest per- fection in the Lake of Geneva. It is a delicate food. The spotted burbot is found in American northern lakes and rivers. BURBRIDGE, STEPHEN GANG, an American military officer, born in Scott county, Ky., Aug. 19, 1831; organized for the Union army the famous 26th Kentucky Regiment, which he led at Shiloh, where he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General of Volunteers. He was engaged in the Vicksburg ex- pedition under General Grant; led the charge at Arkansas Post and at Port Gibson, being the first to enter each of these places, and was retired with the brevet of Major-General in 1865. He died in 1894. BURCH, CHARLES SUMNER, an American Protestant Episcopal clergy- man; bom in Pinckney, Mich., in 1855. He studied at the University of Michi- gan, from which he graduated in 1875. From 1897 to 1905, he was editor of the Grand Rapids "Evening Press." In the latter year he was ordained to the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and was assigned to a charge in Staten Island. In 1911, he was made a suffragan bishop, and after the death of Bishop Gx-eer in 1920 succeeded the latter as bishop of the New York diocese. He died in December, 1920. BURCHARD, SAMUEL DICKINSON, an American Presbyterian clergyman, born in Steuben, N. Y., Sept. 6, 1812; for many years pastor in New York City; created much political excitement throughout the United States by an al- literative characterization of the Demo- cratic party during the Presidential campaign of 1884. A company of clergy- men, about 600 in number, called on James G. Blaine, the Republican candi- date, at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York City, where Burchard made an ad- dress, hi which he affirmed that the