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LEFT BUCK 217 BUCKINGHAIff the United States Military Academy in 1885 and from the Army War College in 1909. He was made brigadier-general, Aug. 5, 1917, and went with the First Expeditionary Force to France. He commanded the Third Division of the Fifth Army Corps and did excellent work in the Meuse-Argonne offensive. In 1918 he was promoted to the rank of major-general. He received the D. S. C. and various foreign decorations. BUCK, DUDLEY, an American or- ganist, composer, and author, born in Hartford, Conn., March 10, 1839. He was for many years organist of churches in Brooklyn, N. Y. Aside from a num- ber of cantatas, he has written several books: "A Dictionary of Musical Terms," a work on the "Influence of the Organ in History" (1882), etc. The "Centennial Cantata," for the opening of the Exposition of 1876, by appoint- ment of the United States Centennial Commission, the "Forty-Sixth Psalm," the "Legend of Don Munio," the "Golden Legend," of Longfellow, and the "Mar- mion" sjmiphonic overture, are among his larger works with oi'chestra. He has also employed his pen in the composi- tion of chamber music, songs, and male voice music. Among his larger works are the "Voyage of Columbus," and the "Light of Asia." He died Oct. 6, 1909. BUCKBEAN, the English name of menyanthes, a genus of plants belonging to the order gentianocese (gentian worts). Especially the name of meny- anthes trifotiata, called also marsh tre- foil. It has densely creeping and matted roots, temate leaves, and a compound raceme or thyrse of white flowers, tipped externally with red, and beautifully fringed within with white thread-like processes. An infusion of its leaves is bitter, and is sometimes given in dropsy and rheumatism. In Sweden two ounces of the leaves are substituted for a pound of hops. In Lapland the roots are oc- casionally powdered and eaten. BUCKET SHOP, an ofiice for gambling in fractional lots of stocks, grain, etc., with no delivery of securities or com- modities sold or purchased. The opera- tion of bucket shops is regulated by law in most cities of the United States. BUCKEYE, the American horse chest- nut tree, the sesculus ohioticus of botanists. BUCKHOUND, a kind of hound simi- lar to, but smaller than, a staghound, once commonly used in Great Britain for hunting bucks. The Master of the Buck Hounds is still the title of an of- ficer of the royal household in En-^lar.d. BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VIL- LIERS, DUKE OF, favorite of James I. and Charles I., of England, born in 1592, his father being George Villiers, Knight. At 18 he was sent to France, where he resided three years, and on his return made so great an impression on James I. that in two years he was made a knight, baron, viscount. Marquis of Buckingham, lord high admiral, etc., and at last dis- penser of all the honors and offices of the three kingdoms. In 1623, when the Earl of Bristol was negotiating a mar- riage for Prince Charles with the In- fanta of Spain, Buckingham went with the Prince incognito to Madrid to carry on the suit in person. The result, how- ever, was the breaking off of the mar- riage, and the declaration of war with Spain. During his absence Buckingham was created duke. After the death of James in 1625 he was sent to France as proxy for Charles I, to marry the Prin- cess Henrietta Maria. In 1626, after the failure of the Cadiz expedition, he was impeached, but saved by the favor of the King. Despite the difficulty in obtain- ing supplies Buckingham took upon himself the conduct of a war with France, but his expedition in aid of the Rochellese proved an entire failure. He was stabbed on Aug. 24, 1628, at Forts- mouth, by John Felton, an ex-lieutenant who had been disappointed of promotion. BUCKINGHAM, GEOBGE VILLIERS, DUKE OF, son of the preceding, born at Westminster in 1627; studied at Trinity College, Cambridge; served in the Royal army under Rupert and then went abroad. In 1648 he returned to Eng- land, was with Charles II. in Scotland and at the battle of Worcester, and afterward served as a volunteer in the French army in Flanders. He then re- turned to England, and in 1657 married the daughter of Lord Fairfax. At the Restoration he became master of the horse and one of the King's confidential cabal (1667-1673). In 1666 he engaged in a conspiracy, and in 1676 was com- mitted to the Tower for a contempt by order of the House of Lords; but on each occasion he recovered the King's favor. On the death of Charles he re- tired to his seat in Yorkshire, where he died in 1688. BUCKINGHAM, WILLIAM AL- FRED, an American statesman, born in Lebanon, Conn., May 28, 1804; was for nine years Governor of Connecticut (1858-1866) ; called the "War Governor" for his zeal in furnishing troops in the Civil War; and was United States Sen- ator from 1869 till his death. He was a patron of Yale College. He died in Nor- wich, Conn., Feb. 3, 1875.