Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 02.djvu/238

LEFT BRUNANBURGH 206 BRUNNE on piles, with about 10,000 inhabitants, who trade with Singapore. See Borneo. BRUNANBURGH, the scene of a battle in which Athelstan and the Anglo- Saxons defeated a force of Scots, Danes, etc., in 937; locality very doubtful. BRUNCK, RICHARD FRANCOIS PHILIPPE, a French philologist, oorn at Strassburg in 1729, was in military service in the Seven-Years' War, but in 1760 devoted himself to philological stud- ies. He was an especial student of the Greek poets and his editions of them are among the very best. His editions of the Latin poets are less valuable. He died in Strassburg, June 12, 1803. BRUNELLESCHI, FILIPPO DI SER LAPPI (bro-nel-es'ke), an Italian archi- tect, born in Florence in 1377. After re- ceiving a good education, he learned the goldsmith's art, practiced sculpture for a short time, and finally adopted architec- ture as his sole pursuit. About 1407 he was chosen to undertake the great task of completing the Duonio of his native city; its noble cupola is his principal title to fame. He built also the Pitti Palace and the church of St. Lorenzo at Flor- ence. He was competitor with Ghiberti for the execution of the gates of the Baptistery. He was long a member of the Supreme Council of Florence, where he died April 16, 1446. BRTJNET, JACQUES CHARLES, a French bibliographer; born in Paris, Nov. 2, 1780; published a "Supplement" to the "Bibliographical Dictionary" of Duclos; "Manual du libraire et de I'ama- teur de livres" (1810, 5th ed. 1865); "Recherches bibliographiques et critiques sur les editions originales des cinq livres du roman satirique de Rabelais" (1852), etc. He died in Paris, Nov. 16, 1867. BRUNETIERE, FERDINAND (briin- tyar'), a French critic, bora in Toulon, July 19, 1849. He was the editor of the "Revue des Deux Mondes" and became a member of the French Academy in 1893. In criticism he inclined to the idealist as opposed to the naturalist school. His principal works are "History and Liter- ature" (1884, 3 vols.) ; "The Naturalist Romance" (1883); "Essays on Contem- porary Literature" (1892) ; "Epochs of the French Theater" (1892). In 1897 he delivered a series of lectures in American universities. He died Dec. 9, 1906. BRUNHILDA (1) in the "Nibelungen- lied," the young and stalwart Oueen of Isenstein, wife of Gunther, the Burgun- dian king. She hated passionately Kriem- hild and her husband, Siegfried, who had once been her own lover; and she caused his murder by the hands of Hagen. Origin- ally she was identical with the Norse Walkyrie Brynhildr, who, for a fault, was stripped of her divinity by Odin and sunk into a charmed sleep from which she was awakened by Sigurd (Siegfried). (2) The daughter of the Visigothic King Athanagild,mari.ied King Sigbert of Aus- trasia, in 567, and afterward, as regent of her two grandsons, Theodebert II., King of Austrasia, and Theodoric II., King of Bergundy, divided the govern- ment of the whole Prankish world with her rival Fredegond, who governed Neus- tria for the youthful Clotaire II. On the death of Fredegond, in 598, she seize 1 on Neustria and, for a while, united under her rule the whole Merovingian do- minions, but was overthrown in 613, by ii combination in their own interests of the Austrasian nobles under the nominal leadership of Clotaire II., and put to death by being dragged at the heels of a wild horse. BRUNI (bro'ne) ISLAND, an island off the S. part of the E. coast of Tas- mania, from which it is separated by D'Entrecasteaux Channel. It has a length of 32 miles, a varying breadth of 1 to 11 miles, and an area of 160 square miles. Coal is mined. BRUNN (bron), an Austrian city, capital of Moravia, on the railway from Vienna to Prague, nearly encircled by the rivers Schwarzawa and Zwittawa. It contains a cathedral and other handsome churches; a landhaus, where the Provin- cial Assembly meets; and several pal- aces; and has extensive manufactures of woolens. It is the center of Moravian commerce. Near it is the fortress of Spielberg, in which Trenck and Silvio Pellico were confined. Pop. about 125,000. BRUNNE (bron), ROBERT OF, the name by which Robert Manning, a monk of the order founded by St. Gilbert of Sempringham, is usually designated. His monastery was in South Lincolnshire, near the modern town of Bourn and he lived in the reigns of Edward II. and Ed- ward III. His chief work is his "Han- dlynge Synne," a free and amplified translation into English verse of William of Waddington's "Manuel des Pechiez." The purpose of the book was to convey religious instruction to the people in the agreeable form of moral anecdotes. He also made a new version in octosyllabic rhyme of Wace's "Brut d'Angleterre," and added to it a popular translation of the French rhyming chronicle of Peter Langtoft of Bridlington. Robert deliberately wrote in English instead of French, in order to reach the com^ mon people.