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LEFT BRIGHT 182 BRINE SHRIMP throw of Lord Palmerston's govern- ment. Though he only once held office — as president of the Board of Trade in 1868 and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster — he is credited with having exercised a greater influence upon the conduct of public affairs in England and abroad than, perhaps, any other man. He was the greatest English orator of modern times. He died in London, March 27, 1889. BRIGHT, RICHARD, an English physician, born in Bristol, Sept. 28, 1789; studied at Edinburgh, Berlin, and Vienna. His name is associated with Bright's Disease (q. v.), he being the first who investigated its character. He died Dec. 16, 1858. BRIGHTON (formerly Brighthelm- Stone), a maritime town and favorite watering place in England, county of Sussex, 50 V^ miles from London. It is situated on a gentle slope, protected from the N. winds by the high ground of the South Downs immediately behind the town, and is well built, with hand- some streets, terraces, squares, etc. In front of the town is a massive sea wall, with a promenade and drive over 3 miles in length, one of the finest in Europe. Among the remarkable buildings, all of modern date, is the Pavilion, built by George IV., which cost upward of $5,- 000,000. It is in the Oriental style, with numerous cupolas, spires, etc. Brighton has no manufactures, and is resorted to only as a watering-place. It was about the middle of the 18th cen- tury that Dr. Russell, an eminent physieian, drew attention to Brighton, which subsequently was patronized by George IV., then Prince of Wales; in this way it was converted from a de- cayed fishing village into a fashionable and populous watering-place. It has sent two members to Parliament since 1832. Pop. about 132,000. BRIGHT'S DISEASE, a granular disease of the cortical portion of the kid- neys, so called because it was first diagnostically described by Dr. Richard Bright, an English physician. It is first emphasized by the secretion of urine containing a large amount of albu. men, and this symptom is followed by other complications, usually in rapid sequence. The most commonly observed pathological effects are dropsy, nausea, fever, uraemia, and, in some cases, petrification of the kidneys and ureters. BRIHUEGA (bre-a'gwa), a town of Spain, in New Castile, on the Tajuna, 20 miles E. N. E. of Guadalajara. Here Dec. 9. 1710, the French, under the Duke de Vendome, defeated the allies com- manded by Lord Stanhope. BRILL, a flat fish, pleuronectes rhom- bus, resembling the turbot, but inferior to it in flavor, besides being smaller in size. It is common in the markets. BRILLAT-SAVARIN, ANTHELME (bre-ya'-sa-va-ran'), a French author, born in Belley, April 1, 1755. He was a deputy to the National Convention in 1789; emigrated in 1793; and passed some time in the United States; returned to France in 1796. His title to fame is the work, "Physiology of Taste," an es- say on the social implications of gastron- omy. He died in Paris, Feb. 2, 1826. BRIMSTONE, a name of sulphur. Sulphur, in order to purify it from for- eign matters, is generally melted in a close vessel, allowed to settle, then poured into cylindrical molds, in which it becomes hard, and is known in com- merce as roll brimstone. BRINDABAN, or BINDRABAN, a town of the Northwest provinces, Brit- ish India; on the left bank of the Jumna, 6 miles N. of Muttra. It is one of the holiest cities of the Hindus, and crowds of pilgrims go there from all parts of India, more particularly in honor of Krishna; and, through the munificence of wealthy devotees, there are a large number of temples and shrines. BRINDISI (bren'di-se) ; ancient Brundusium), a seaport and fortified town, province of Lecce, southern Italy, on the Adriatic, 45 miles E. N. E. of Taranto. In ancient times Brundusium was an important city, and with its ex- cellent port became a considerable naval station of the Romans. Its importance as a seaport declined in the Middle Ages, and was, subsequently, completely lost, until the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company put on a weekly line of steamers between Brindisi and Alexandria. From Shis cause the town has risen to large importance. Pop. about 25,500. BRINE, water saturated with com- mon salt. It is naturally produced in many places beneath the surface of the earth, and is also made artificially, for preserving meat, a little saltpeter being generally added to the solution. BRINE SHRIMP, the only animal, except a species of fly (ephydra), which lives in the Great Salt Lake of Utah. It is a phyllopod crustacean, with stalked eyes, a delicate, slender body, which is provided with 11 pairs of broad, paddle-