Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 02.djvu/133

LEFT BOOKWORM 111 BOONTON point of time. Engraved English book- plates are not found of so early a date, but an old folio volume from Henry VIII. 's library, now in the British Mu- seum, contains an elaborately emblazoned dravi^ing which formed the bookplate of Cardinal Wolsey, with his arms, sup- porters, and cardinal's hat. The earliest English engraved bookplate at present known is that of Sir Nicholas Bacon, father of Lord Chancellor Bacon, which is dated 1574. Samuel Pepys had several bookplates; those with his own portrait ^ould not have been engraved before 1685, because he is described therein as Secretary to the Admiralty under Charles II. and James II., but the one with his initials and the crossed anchors was probably engraved as early as 1668. The styles of design adopted by book collectors for their bookplates have been very diverse. Some of these labels have contained merely the name of the pos- sessor, but the majority are armorial, some are allegorical in design, and others are ornamented with miniature land- scapes. Many distinguished artists have condescended to produce bookplates. The name of Albert Durer has already been mentioned as the designer of Pirckhei- mer's two plates — one in which the al- legorical and the armorial elements are united, and the other consisting of a large and bold portrait of the once celebrated senator of Nuremberg. Of English en- gravers, William Marshall and Robert White may be especially mentioned. Hogarth engraved a bookplate for John Holland, heraldic artist, and another for George Lambert, the scene painter. The earliest bookplates were of large size, as if made especially for folios, but a smaller size soon became general, a size which was used for both large and small books. The fashion of collecting book- plates is a very modern one. BOOKWORM, any grub which feeds en the paper of books. The name more especially belongs to the larva of an anobium (anobiutn pertinax, A. eruditum, etc.), a small coleopterous insect, which is classed among the Death-watch in- jects; though the larva of oscophora pseudospictella, a small brown moth, seems to have nearly an equal claim to it. The latter much resembles the anobium, save that it has six legs, while the anobium has none. Most people are familiar with the bookworm's ravages; but the creatures are extremely rare in the United^ States, especially since so many chemical substances have been in- troduced into the manufacture of paper. In southern Europe, the book-eating ano- bium is still common. BOOMERANG, a missile weapon in vented and used by the native Australi- ans, who are generally deemed the lowest in intelligence of any tribe or race of mankind. It is a curved stick, round on one side and flat on the other, about three feet long, two inches wide, and three-quarters of an inch thick. It is grasped at one end and thrown sickle- wise, either upward into the air, or downward so as to strike the ground at some distance from the thrower. In the first case it flies with a rotary motion, as its shape would indicate, and after as- cending to a great height in the air, it suddenly returns in an elliptical orbit to a spot near its starting point. On throw- ing it downward to the ground, it re- bounds in a straight line, pursuing a ricochet motion until it strikes the ob- ject at which it is thrown. The most singular curve described by it is when it is projected upward at an angle about 45°, when its flight is always backward, and the native who throws it stands with his back to the object he intends to hit. BOONE, city and county-seat of Boone CO., la.; on the Chicago and Northwest- ern, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul and other railroads; 36 miles N. N. W. of Des Moines, the State capital. It is an important milling, manufacturing, and coal mining center, and in the vicinity are large deposits of fire and pottery clays. The chief industries are the manufacture of flour, brick and tile, and pottery, and the mining and shipping of coal. Pop. (1910) 10.347; (1920) 12,- 451. BOONE, DANIEL, the pioneer of Kentucky, born in Bucks co.. Pa., Feb. 11, 1735. He was a Colonel in the United States service, and signalized himself by his many daring exploits against the In- dians, and also by his extensive surveys and explorations of the State of Ken- tucky. In 1793 he removed to upper Louisiana, then belonging to the Span- iards, and was appointed by them com- mandant of a district there. He was one of the most successful of the enterpris- ing American pioneers of the 18th cen- tury, and may be said to have explored, and aided in the settlement of the coun- try from the Allegheny Mountains to the frontier of Missouri. Many places have been named in his honor. He died in Missouri, Sept. 26, 1820. BOONTON. a city of New Jersey in Morris co. It is on the Lackawanna rail- road and the Rockaway river and the Morris canal. Its beautiful situation has made it a favorite residential town. It