Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 02.djvu/128

LEFT BONIFACE I. 106 BONIVARD articles of gold and iron, in which they have a large trade. The capital, called Boni stands on the coast of the S. W. peninsula. The Gulf of Boni separates the S. E. and S. W. peninsulas of Celebes. It is 200 miles long, and 40-80 miles broad. Pop. about 200,000. BONIFACE I., a Pope, elected after the death of Zozimus, 418, and main- tained in the pontifical chair by the Em- peror Honorius, against his rival Eula- lius. He died in 422. BONIFACE II. succeeded Felix IV., in 530. He was born at Rome, his father being a Goth. He compelled the bishops in a council to allow him to nominate his successor, and accordingly he named Vigil; but another council disavowed the proceedings of the first. He died in 532. BONIFACE III. succeeded Sabinianus, in 607, and died a few months after his election; but he obtained from the Em- peror Phocas the acknowledgment that the See of Rome was supreme over all other churches. BONIFACE IV. was the son of a physi- cian, and came to the tiara in 608. He converted the Pantheon into a church. He died in 625. BONIFACE V. succeeded Adeodatus in 617, and died in 625. BONIFACE VI. succeeded Formosus in 896, and died 18 days after his election. BONIFACE VII., whose surname was Francone, assumed the chair after mur- dering Benedict VI. and John XIV. He was acknowledged sovereign pontiff in 974, and died in 984. His corpse was ex- posed in the public streets, and trodden under foot. BONIFACE VIII., in 1294, terrified his predecessor Celestine into a resigna- tion, by denouncing to him, at midnight, eternal damnation if he did not quit the pontifical chair. The credulous Pope, thinking this a supernatural voice, obeyed the command next day, and the crafty cardinal was elected. He com- menced his pontificate by imprisoning his predecessor, and laying Denmark under an mterdict. He incited the princes of Germany to revolt against Albert of Aus- tria; and also issued a bull, in which he asserted that God had set him over kings and kingdoms. Philip the Fair caused this bull to be burned at Paris ; on which Boniface laid France under an interdict. Philip appealed to a general council, and sent his army into Italy, which took Boniface prisoner. The pontiff's be- havior on this occasion was courageous, for, putting on the tiara, and taking the keys and the crosier in his hands, he said: "I am a Pope, and a Pope I vsrill die." He died at Rome, a few months afterward, in 1303. He wrote several works. His persecuting qualities are alluded to by Dante, in the 27th chapter of the "Inferno." BONIFACE IX. was a Neapolitan by birth, and of a noble family. He was made cardinal in 1381, and Pope in 1389. He died in 1404. BONIFACE, ST., a saint of the Roman calendar, and a native of England, who was sent by Gregory II. to convert the Germans. Gregory III. made him an archbishop. Born in Devonshire in 680; slain by some peasants in Friesland, in 755. His letters were printed in 1616. BONIFACIO (bo-ne-f a'che-6), STRAIT OF, the Fretum Gallicum of the Romans, lies between Corsica and Sardinia. At the narrowest part it is only 7 miles wide. The navigation is difficult owing to the great number of rocks, which, how- ever, are favorable to the production of coral. BONIN, or (Japanese) OGASAWARA ISLANDS, a volcanic group in the Pacific Ocean, 700 miles S. S. E. of Japan, stretching between 26° 30'— 27° 45' N. lat., and between 159° — 155° E. long. Area, 32 square miles; population about 4,000. Discovered by Quast and Tasman in 1639, they were taken possession of for Great Britain in 1827 by Captain Beechey; but in 1878 the Japanese reas- serted their sovereignty, with the view of making them a penal settlement. The harbor is named Port Lloyd. BONITO, a fish, thynnus pelamys. It belongs to the family of acomheridse (mackerels), and is nearly allied to the BONITO tunny. It is found in the Mediterranean, and is a great foe to the fljnng fish. The belted bonito is the peUmiys sarda, and the plain bonito, the alexia vulgaris. BONIVARD, FRANCOIS DE (bo-ne- var'), a younger son of a family which held large possessions under the House of Savoy, was born about 1496 at Seysael,