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LEFT BONAPARTE 102 BONAFABTE husband, even as Queen of Holland; and, on the downfall of the Napoleons, passed her time in various countries. She at last settled at Arenenberg, a mansion in the Canton Thurgau, Sv^^itzerland. She died at Arenenberg in 1837. She was the author of "La Reine Hortense en Italie, en France, et en Angleterre, pen- dant I'annee 1831," and wrote several excellent songs. She likewise composed the well known "Partant pour la Syrie," which the late Emperor of the French made the national air of France. Of her three sons, the eldest. Napoleon Louis Charles, born 1803, died in child- hood in 1807. The second, Louis Napo- leon, born in 1804, Crown Prince of Hol- land, married his cousin Charlotte, daughter of Joseph Bonaparte, and died in 1831. The third, Charles Louis Na- poleon, became Emperor of the French. See Napoleon III. Jerome Bonaparte, youngest brother of Napoleon, was born in Ajaccio in 1784. After receiving his education in the college of Juilly, he served as naval lieutenant in the expedition to Haiti. When war broke out between France and England in 1803, Jerome was cruising off the West Indies, and was compelled to take refuge in the port of New York. While in the United States he married Elizabeth Patterson (1785-1879;, daugh- ter of a merchant in Baltimore. He fought in the war against Prussia, and in 1807 was made King of Westphalia. His administration of his kingdom was careless, extravagant, and burdensome to his subjects. The battle of Leipsic brought the reign of Jerome to a close. He fought by the side of the Emperor at Waterloo. After his brother's abdica- tion he left Paris and visited Svntzer- land and Austria, but ultimately settled in Florence. At the outbreak of the Feb- ruary Revolution (1848), Jerome Bona- parte was in Paris, where he was ap- pointed Governor of the Invalides, and in 1850 was made a French marshal. He died in 1860. His marriage with Elizabeth Fatter- son having been declared null by Napo- leon, Jerome was forced, after he had gained the Westphalian crown, to marry Catharine, daughter of King Frederick I. of Wiirttemberg. After the battle of Waterloo, her father wished to annul the marriage; but she declared her resolu- tion to share through life the fortunes of her husband. Jerome Bonaparte left in the United States one son, Jerome Na- poleon (1805-1870), by his first mar- riage, who was a wealthy resident, though he never became a naturalized citizen. He left two sons, (1) Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte, born in Balti- more (1832-1893). He served with credit in the United States and French armies. (2) Charles Joseph Bona- parte (q. v.), born in Baltimore in 1851; graduated at Harvard, and became a lawyer. By his second wife Jerome Bon- aparte had three children. The elder son, Jerome Bonaparte, born in 1814, died in 1847. Mathilde Bonaparte, Princess of Montfort, born at Trieste, 1820, married the Russian Count Anatol Demidoff, and lived at the court of Louis Napoleon. She died Jan. 2, 1904. The younger son. Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte, born at Trieste in 1822, passed his youth in Italy; entered the military service of Wiirttemberg in 1837; afterward traveled in several coun- tries of Europe; and was banished from France (1845) on account of his inter- course with the Republican party. After February, 1848, he was elected to the National Assembly. He commanded an infantry division at the battles of Alma and Inkermann. In 1859 he married the Princess Clotilde, daughter of Victor Emmanuel, by whom he had two sons and a daughter. After the fall of the Empire he took up his residence in Eng- land, but returned to France in 1872. On the death of the Prince Imperial, son of the Emperor Louis Napoleon, in Zululand in 1879, the eldest son of Prince Napoleon became the heir of the Bona- partist hopes. When, in 1886, the chiefs of the Bourbon family were, by a vote of both chambers, expelled from France, Prince Napoleon and his eldest son were exiled also as pretenders to the throne. He died in 1891. See Napoleon. The Bonaparte Pretenders. — Of the Emperor Napoleon I. and his brothers, Joseph and Louis, male issue is now ex- tinct. The Emperor's brothers, Lucien and Jerome, are represented by the fol- lowing living descendants: Prince Victor Napoleon (of the house of Jerome) born July 18, 1862, is the son of the late Prince Napoleon (who died March 18, 1891) and the Princess Clotilde, sister of King Humbert of Italy. The Prince has been recognized by his party as the undisputed head of the Bonaparte family. He lives in Brussels and is unmarried. His only brother, Prince Louis Napoleon, born in 1864, is an officer in the Russian army. His sis- ter, born in 1866, is the widow of Prince Amadeus of Italy, her own uncle, by whom she had a son, Prince Humbert, bom in 1889. The living aunt of Prince Victor Na- poleon is the Princess Mathilde, born in 1820, married, in 1840, Prince Demidoff, of Russia; now a widow without chil- dren.