Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 02.djvu/103

LEFT BODLE 81 BODY 1747 ; became astronomer of the academy in Berlin, in 1772, and, in 1786, director of the observatory there. He published numerous astronomical works, including "Sternkunde" (3d ed., 1808), and "Ura- nographia" (2d ed., 1818), and founded the "Astronomische Jahrbiicher." He died Nov. 23, 1826. The arithmetical rela- tion subsisting between the distances of the planets from the sun, called after him Bode's law, may be thus stated: Write, in the first instance, a row of fours, and under these place a geomet- rical series beginning with 3, and in- creasing by the ratio of 2, putting the 3 under the second 4; and by addition we have the series 4, 7, 10, etc., which gives nearly the relative distances of the plan- ets from the sun. 4 4 3 4 6 4 12 4 24 4 4 4 48 96 192 4 384 4 7 10 16 28 52 100 196 388 Thus, if 10 be taken as the distance of the earth from the sun, 4 will give that of Mercury, 7 that of Venus, and so forth. The actual relative distances are as follows, making 10 the distance of the earth: S > 3.9 7.2 rt ra 15.2 37.4 52.9 95.4 t3 Z 192 300 Close as is the correspondence between the law and the actual distances, no phy- sical reason has been given to account for it, although there is little room for doubt that such exists. Bode's law is, therefore, in the present state of science, empirical. Kepler was the first to per- ceive the law, and Bode argued from it that a planet might be found between Mars and Jupiter, to fill up the gap that existed at the time in the series. The dis- covery of the planetoids has proved the correctness of this prediction. BODLE, a copper coin formerly cur- rent in Scotland, of the value of two pen- nies Scotch, or the sixth part of an Eng- lish penny. BODLEIAN, or BODLEYAN, LI- BRARY, a library founded at Oxford, England, by Sir Thomas Bodley, in 1597. The library was opened to the public on Nov. 8, 1602, The first stone of a new building to accommodate it was laid on July 10, 1610. All members of Oxford University who have taken a degree are allowed to read in it, as are literary men of all countries. The Bodleian Library contains about 300,000 volumes and is particularly rich in biblical codices and rabbinical literature. BODLEY, SIR THOMAS, the founder of the Bodleian Library at Oxford, wa3 born at Exeter, in 1544. He was edu- cated at Geneva and Oxford. He trav- eled much on the Continent, and was em- ployed in various embassies to Denmark, Germany, France, and Holland. In 1597 he returned home, and dedicated the re- mainder of his life to the re-establishment and augmentation of the public library at Oxford. He was knighted at the ac- cession of James I. He died in London in 1612. BODMER, GEORG, a Swiss inventor, born in Zurich, Dec. 6, 1786. He invented the screw and cross wheels; and made valuable improvements in firearms and in various kinds of machinery, particularly in that of wool spinning. He died in Ziirich, May 29, 1864. BODONI, GIAMBATTISTA, an Italian printer, born at Saluzzo in 1740. In 1758 he went to Rome, and was employed in the printing office of the Propaganda. He was afterward at the head of the ducal printing house in Parma, where he pro- duced works of great beauty. His edi- tions of Greek, Latin, and French clas- sics are highly prized. He died at Parma in 1813. BODTCHER, LUDWIG (bet'che), a Danish lyrist, born in Copenhagen, in 1793; spent many years in Italy, and nature and man in Italy equally with na- ture and man in Denmark are the themes of his finest poems — notably "Bacchus," and the collection called "Poems Old and New." He died in 1874. BODY, the material framework of man or of any of the inferior animals, includ- ing the bones, the several organs, the skin, with hair, nails, and other append- ages. The following is a list of the quan- tities of the various elements found in a human body weighing 154 pounds: lbs. oz. grs. Oxygen Ill Hydrogen 15 Carbon 20 Nitrogen 3 9 Phosphorus 1 12 199 Sulphur 2 217 Calcium 2 Fluorine 2 Chlorine 2 382 Sodium 2 116 Iron 100 Potassium 290 Magnesium 12 Silicon 2 The organic, non-metallic, and metallic elements are not found in the body in their pure state, but are mixed together, forming the following compounds, the aggregate of which, as in the preceding table, amounts to 154 pounds: