Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 01.djvu/60

ADORNO life-size figures. Paolo Veronese's splendid picture is in the Museum at Dresden. The noted triptych, called the "Dombild," in the Cathedral of Cologne, by Meister Stephan (died 1451), is considered the finest work of the early German school. Modern painters have also produced excellent works on this subject. Burne-Jones has a tapestry at Exeter College, Oxford. The fresco in the Church of the Incarnation, in New York City, is the work of La Farge.

ADORNO, a great plebeian family in Italy. It furnished many doges to Genoa. For 165 years they struggled for supremacy, especially with the Fregosi, and were definitely destroyed by Andrea Doria, in 1528.

ADOUR (ad-ör´), a river of France, which rises 6 miles to the E. of Barèges, in the department of the Upper Pyrenees, and, running by Tarbes and Dax, falls into the Bay of Biscay, 3 miles beyond Bayonne, where it joins the Nive. Its course, through many fertile valleys, is about 180 miles.

ADOWA, or ADUA, one of the principal towns in the kingdom of Tigré, Abyssinia, with houses built in a conical form, and arranged into streets. It is the great mart between the interior and the coast, and reaps the advantage of a transit trade between the Red Sea ports and Gondar. It was here that the Italians were decisively defeated by the Abyssinians in 1896. Population, though greatly varying, about 3,000.

ADRENALIN, the active principle of the adrenal glands. It is the most powerful astringent used and was discovered in 1901. It occurs as a light brown powder having a bitter taste.

ADRIA, in the province of Rovigo, northern Italy, is one of the oldest cities in Europe. So late as the 12th century A. D., it was a flourishing harbor on the Adriatic Sea. It still retains several interesting remains of Etruscan and Roman antiquity, with a fine cathedral. Pop. about 20,000.

ADRIAN, city and county-seat of Lenawee co., Mich.; on the Raisin river, and the Wabash, the Lake Shore, and the Toledo and Western railroads; 30 miles N. W. of Toledo, O. It is the seat of Adrian College (Methodist Protestant), the State Industrial Home for Girls, and St. Joseph's Hospital and Academy (Roman Catholic), and has important manufactures and a large farming trade. Pop. (1910) 10,763; (1920) 11,878.

ADRIAN, or HADRIAN, PUBLIUS ÆLIUS, a Roman emperor, born at Rome, 76 A. D. Entering the army quite young, he became tribune of a legion, and married Sabina, the heiress of Trajan, whom he accompanied on his expeditions, and became successively prætor, governor of Pannonia, and consul. On Trajan's death, in 117, he assumed the government, made peace with the Persians, and remitted the debts of the Roman people. No monarch informed himself more by traveling than Adrian. In his reign, the Christians underwent a dreadful persecution. Adrian died at Baije, in 139, He had great virtues, which were, however, blended with as great vices.

ADRIAN I., Pope, born at Rome; succeeded Stephen III. in 772. Adrian died after a pontificate of nearly 24 years, 795. Adrian was a man of talent and dexterity.

ADRIAN II., born at Rome; succeeded Nicholas I. in the papal chair in 867. During the pontificate of Adrian, Photius. Patriarch of Constantinople, withdrew from the Church of Rome. Adrian died in 872.

ADRIAN III., born at Rome; succeeded Marinus in 884, and died the following year.

ADRIAN IV., the only Englishman who was ever raised to the dignity of the papal chair, succeeded Anastasius IV. in 1154. His name was Nicholas Breakespere; and for some time he filled a mean situation in the monastery of St. Albans. Eugenius III. created him cardinal in 1146, and, in 1148, made him legate to Denmark and Norway, which nations he converted to the Christian faith. When nominated pope, he granted to Henry II. a bull for the conquest of Ireland. He died, supposedly of poison, in 1159.

ADRIAN V., a Genoese, succeeded Innocent in 1276, and died five weeks after his election.

ADRIAN VI., born at Utrecht, of an obscure family, advanced himself by his talents to the post of vice-chancellor of the University of Louvain. Ferdinand of Spain gave him the bishopric of Tortosa. After Ferdinand's death he was co-regent of Spain with Cardinal Ximenes. He was elected pope in 1522, after the death of Leo X., chiefly through the influence of Charles V., whose authority was then spreading over Italy. He died in 1525.