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LEFT BEAUREGABD 460 BEAVER the Beaumont oil field being one of the largest in the world. Pop. (1910) 20,640; (1920) 40,422. BEAUREGARD, PIERRE GUSTAVE TOUTANT (bo-re-gar'), an American military officer, born in St. Martin's parish. La., May 28, 1818; was graduated at the United States Military Academy and appointed a brevet Second Lieuten- ant of Artillery in 1838; was promoted First Lieutenant and transferred to the Corps of Engineers in 1839; distin- jTuished himself in the Mexican War, where he won the brevet of Captain for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, and of Major for Chapultepec, where he was twice wounded. He resigned his commission after the secession of Louis- iana in February, 1861, and was ap- pointed commander of the Confederate forces at Charleston, S. C, and there opened the hostilities of the Civil War by bombarding Fort Sumter, on April 11. After the evacuation of the Fort by Major Anderson, General Beauregard was transferred to Virginia where he commanded the Confederate forces in the battle of Bull Run, on July 21. In March, 1862, he was ordered to the Army of the Mississippi, under Gen. Albert S. John- ston, and in April following fought the battle of Shiloh, gaining a victory over the National forces the first day, but being defeated by General Grant on the second day. Failing health kept him from active duty till June, 1863, when he took charge of the defense of Charleston against the combined land and naval forces. He remained in command there till April, 1864, when he was ordered to Richmond to strengthen its defenses. On May 16, he attacked General Butler in front of Drury's Bluff, and forced him back to his intrenchments between the James and the Appomattox rivers. In anticipation of General Sherman's suc- cessful march through the Carolinas, he ordered General Hardee to evacuate Charleston, which was done, Feb. 17, 1865. He attempted to aid General Jo- seph E. Johnston in opposing General Sherman, but in April surrendered with the former to the latter. After the war he became president of the New Orleans, Jackson and Mississippi Railroad Com- pany, Adjutant-General of the State, and a manager of the Louisiana State Lot- tery. In 1866 the chief command of the Rumanian army was tendered to him, p.nd in 1869 that of the army of the Khedive of Egypt, both of which he de- clined. He published "The Principles and Maxims of the Art of War" (Charleston, 1863), and "Report of the Defense of Charleston" (Richmond, 1864), and was the last survivor of the full generals of the Confederacy. He died in New Orleans, Feb. 20, 1893. BEAUVAIS (bo-va), (ancient Bello- vacum), a town of France, capital of the department of Oise, at the confluence of the Avelon with the Therain, 43 miles N. of Paris. It has some fine edifices, the choir of the uncompleted cathedral being one of the finest specimens of Gothic architecture in France. In 1472 Beauvais resisted an army of 80,000 Burgundians under Charles the Bold. There are numerous manufacturing es- tablishments, notably woolens and tapes- tries. Pop. about 20,000. BEAUX, CECILIA, an American artist, born in Philadelphia. She studied art in Philadelphia and in Paris. She was four times awarded the Mary Smith Prize at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, received also the Dodge prize of the National Academy of Design and many other medals from foreign and American art societies. She was a fre- quent exhibitor at important exhibitions in the United States and abroad. She was a member of the National Academy of Design. She was especially notable for her painting of portraits. BEAUX-ARTS, ECOLE DES, a na- tional school of fine arts in France, founded in 1648. It received its final title in 1893. Affiliated with it are a number of ateliers, which are practically workshops. The Ecole includes schools of architecture, painting, and sculpture. Courses in drawing, painting, sculpture, and architecture and other branches of art are free. The Prix de Rome is awarded each year. Many American artists have been trained at the Ecole. Its home is the Palais des Beaux-Arts, where it maintains a noted collection of copies of famous paintings made by the winners of the Prix de Rome. BEAUX-ARTS INSTITUTE OF DE- SIGN, a society incorporated in 1916 to carry on the work previously conducted by the Society of Beaux-Arts Architects. There are departments of architecture, sculpture, mural painting, and interior decoration. The Paris Prize is offered annually, and by its terms the winner receives $1,200 yearly for two and a half years to study architecture in Paris at the ficole des Beaux-Arts. BEAVER, the English name of the well known rodent mammal castor fiber, or, more loosely, of any species belonging to the genus castor. The animal so designated has in each jaw two powerful incisor teeth, coated with hard enamel, by means of which it is enabled to cut I