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LEFT BABTON 433 BAEUCH at Andover; was pastor of a church at Monson, Mass.; subsequently Professor of Philosophy in Western Reserve Uni- versity, Ohio. He afterward became pastor of a church at Manchester, N. H., and later of the New England Church in Chicago. In 1858 he was made Professor of Biblical Literature in the Chicago Theological Seminary, where he remained until 1873. In 1877 he became president of Dartmouth College, resigning in 1892, He was author of "From Egypt to Pales- tine" (1879), and also wrote a part of "Smith's Dictionary of the Bible." He died in Hanover, N. H., Nov. 16, 1898. BARTON, CLARA, an American phi- lanthropist, born in Oxford, Mass., in 1830; was educated at Clinton, N. Y., and early became a teacher, and founded at Bordentown, N. J., a free school, open- ing it with six pupils. In 1854 it had grown to 600, when she became a clerk in the Patent office in Washington. On the outbreak of the Civil War she be- came a volunteer nurse in the army hos- pitals and on the battle-field. In 1864 she was appointed by General Butler to the charge of the hospitals at the front of the Army of the James. She was present at several battles, and in 1865 went to Andersonville, Ga., to identify and mark the graves of Union prisoners buried there, and was placed by President Lin- coln in charge of the search for missing men of the Union armies. She lectured on her war experiences in 1866-1867. In the Franco-Prussian War, in 1870, she aided the Grand Duchess of Baden in preparing military hospitals, assisted the Red Cross Society, superintended the distribution of work to the poor of Stras- burg, in 1871, after the siege, and in 1872 in Paris. She was decorated with the Golden Cross of Baden and the Iron Cross of Germany. On the organization of the American Red Cross Society in 1881, she was made its President, and in 1884 had charge of the relief of sufferers from the Mississippi and Ohio floods. She was Special Commissioner for For- eign Exhibits at the New Orleans Ex- position in 1883, represented the United States at the Red Cross Conference in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1884, and was delegate to the International Peace Con- ference in Geneva the same year. In 1889 she had charge of relief of sufferers from the floods at Johnstown, Pa.; in 1892 dis- tributed relief to the Russian famine sufferers; in 1896, personally directed relief measures at the scenes of the Armenian massacres; in 1898, at the request of President McKinley, took relief to the Cuban reconcentrados, and performed field work during the war with Spain; and in 1900 undertook to direct the relief of sufferers at Galveston. In 1904 she resigned her presidency of the Red Cross Society. Her published works include : "Story of the Red Cross" (1904) ; "Story of My Childhood" (1907). Miss Barton died in 1912. BARTOISr, JAMES LEVI, an Ameri- can clergyman, born in Charlotte, Vt., in 1855. He graduated from Middlebury College in 1881, and from the Hartford Theological Seminary in 1885. In the latter year he was ordained to the Con- gregational ministry. He served as mis- sionary at Harpoot, Turkey, from 1885 to 1892. In 1893 he was appointed presi- dent of the Euphrates College at Har- poot. He served as a member of mis- sionary deputations to Japan, India, and China. He wrote much on subjects con- nected with missionary work. The best knovim of his books are "The Missionary and His Critics"; "Daybreak in Turkey"; "Human Progress Through Missions"; "Educational Missions." BARTON, WILLIAM ELEAZAR, an American clergyman and writer, born in Sublette, 111., in 1861. He graduated from Berea College in 1885 and from the Oberlin Theological Seminary in 1890. In 1885 he was ordained to the Congre- gational ministry and filled pastorates in Ohio and Boston and Chicago, until 1899. He served on the editorial staff of several religious papers and was lecturer of applied practical theology at the Chi- cago Theological Seminary from 1905 to 1909. From 1911 he lectured at the same institution on ecclesiastical law. He was a member of the editorial staff of the "Youth's Companion" and was an officer of many theological and missionary so- cieties. He was a prolific writer on re- ligious and historical topics. Among his works are "A Hero in Homespun" (1897); "The Psalms and Their Story" (1898); "I Go A-Fishing" (1901); "Bible Classics" (1911); "Into All the World" (1911). BARTRAM, JOHN, an American botanist, born in Chester co., Pa., March 23, 1699; was called the "father of American botany," and founded at Kingsessing the first botanical garden in America. Linnaeus termed him "the greatest natural botanist in the world." He published "Observations on the In- habitants, Climate, Soil, Diverse Produc- tions, Animals, etc.. Made in His Travels from Pennsylvania to Lake Ontario," and a similar volume on eastern Florida (1766). He died at Kingsessing, near Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 22, 1777. BARTTCH, BERNARD MANNES, an American financier and public official. He graduated from the College of the City