Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 01.djvu/473

LEFT BAEZA 383 BAGDAD Strasburg in 1872, and at Munich, in 1875, succeeding Liebig at Munich, He made many important discoveries in or- ganic chemistry, especially cerulein, eosin and indol, and discovered a process of making artificial indigo. In 1905 he was awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry. He died in 1917. BAEZA (ba-a'tha), a town, Spain, in Andalusia, 22 miles E. N. E. from Jaen. Pop. about 17,500. The principal edifices are the cathedral, the university (now suppressed), and the old monastery of St. Philip de Neri. BAFFIN, WILLIAM, an English navigator and discoverer, believed to have been bom in London about 1584; but the earliest known fact regarding him is that he sailed in 1612 as pilot of the "Patience" from Hull, on a voyage of discovery to Greenland. In 1613-1614 he served in the Spitzbergen whale fishery, and he wrote an account of this and his previous voyage. In 1615 he took serv- ice with a company as pilot of the "Dis- covery," in search of a northwest passage and made a careful examination of Hud- son Strait. His recorded latitudes and notes of the tides are in remarkable agreement with those of a later date. In the following year, with Capt. Bylot, he discovered, charted, and named Smith Sound, and several others, and explored the large inlet now associated with his name. Later investigation has confirmed his descriptions. His last voyages, 1616- 1621, were to the East. At the siege of Ormuz, which the English were helping the Shah of Persia to recover from the Portuguese, he was killed, Jan. 23, 1622. See "Voyages of William Baffin, 1612- 1622," edited by C. R. Markham (1880). BAFFIN LAND, a Canadian island, crossed by the Arctic Circle; area, about 236,000 square miles. BAFFIN SEA (erroneously styled a Bay), a large expanse of water in North America, between Greenland and the lands or islands N. of Hudson Bay, ex- tending from 68° to 78° N., and 55° to 80° W. It communicates with the At- lantic Ocean by Davis Strait on the S., with the Arctic Ocean by Lancaster Sound and Jones Sound on the W., and with the Polar Sea by Smith Sound and Robeson Channel on the N. Depth, 200- 1,050 fathoms. The tides do not rise more than 10 feet. The surface of the sea is covered with ice during the greater part of the year. The coasts are moun- tainous, barren, and deeply indented with gulfs. Whale and seal fishing is followed. This sea was discovered by the English navigator, Baffin, in 1616. BAGAMOYO (bag-a-moi'o), a town oi former German East Africa, on the coast opposite the island of Zanzibar; pop about 25,000. It is an important trading station for ivory, iron, copra, gum and caoutchouc. Bagamoyo is a point of de- parture for caravans into the interior. The chief imports are cottons, iron ware, nee, oil, spirits, and beer. _ BAGASSE (ba-gas'), the sugar cane in its dry, crushed state, as delivered from the mill, and after the main portion of its juice has been expressed; used as fuel in the sugar factory, and called also cane trash. BAGATELLE, a game played on a long, flat board, covered with cloth like a billiard-table, with spherical balls and a cue, or mace. At the end of the board are nine cups, or sockets, of just sufficient size to receive the balls. These sockets are arranged in the form of a regular octagon. The chief aim of the players is to put the balls in the sockets which are numbered. BAGAUDiE (bag'o-dl), a Gallic tribe which revolted under Carinus and was subdued by Maximian in 286 A. D. BAGBY, GEORGE WILLIAM, an American physician and humorist, born in Buckingham co., Va., Aug. 13, 1828; wrote under the pseudonym "Mozis Addums." He was editor of the Lynch- burg "Express" (1853), and "Southern Literary Messenger" (1859); State Librarian of Virginia (1870-1878), and contributor to various magazines. He wrote "John M. Daniel's Latch-Key" (1868); "What I Did With My Fifty Millions" (1875); and " Meekins' Twinses" (1877). He died in Rich- mond, Va., Nov. 29, 1883. BAGDAD (bag-dad'), or BAGHDAD, capital of the former Turkish vilayet of the same name, in the southern part of Mesopotamia (Irak Arabi). The greater part of it lies on the eastern bank of the Tigris, old Bagdad, the residence of the caliphs (now in ruins), was on the west- ern bank of the river. The modern city is surrounded with a brick wall about 6 miles in circuit; the houses are mostly built of brick, the streets unpaved, and very narrow. The palace of the Governor is spacious. Manufactures : leather, silks, cottons, woolens, carpets, etc. Steamers ply on the river between Bagdad and Bassorah, and the city exports wheat, dates, galls, gum, mohair, carpets, etc., to Europe. Bagdad is inhabited by Turks, Arabs, Persians, Armenians, Jews, etc., and a small number of Europeans. The Turks compose three-fourths of the