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LEFT AUGIER 339 AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF born at Paris in 1757. He joined the army as a private soldier, proceeded to Spain, and soon rose to the rank of adju- tant-general. He then took high com- mand under Napoleon I. in Italy, and in 1796, at the head of his own brigade, stormed the bridge of Lodi. To him Na- poleon owed the brilliant victories of Castiglione and Arcole. Augereau hav- ing been sent by Napoleon to Paris be- came military commander of the capital, and led the coup d'etat, or Revolution of Fructidor, by which the enemies of the Directory were seized and overthrown. Appointed to the command of the army on the German frontier, he became so wildly democratic that the Directory dis- placed him and sent him to Perpignan. He refused to assist Napoleon in the revolution which preceded the consulate and the empire. In 1805, being created a Marshal of France, Augereau com- manded at the reduction of the Vorarl- berg; was at the battle of Jena in 1806, and accompanied Napoleon to Berlin. He commanded the French at Eylau in 1807, and, in 1809 and 1810, commanded in Catalonia, where he committed great ex- cesses. Augereau was at the great bat- tles of Leipsic, Oct. 16, 17, and 18, 1813, and in 1814, commanded at Lyons, to repel the march of the Austrians from that direction on the capital. Yielding to superior numbers,, he retired to the S. and displaying little attachment to Napoleon, acknowledged the Bourbons, retained his honors, and became a peer. He died in June, 1816. ATJGIER, GUILLAUME VICTOR EMILE (6zh-ya'), a French dramatic poet, born at Valence, Sept. 20, 1820. "La Cigue," his first play (1844), was accept- ed by the managers of the Odeon Theatre and established the popularity of the author. "Gabrielle," a five-act comedy, has been pronounced Augier's most fin- ished and best constructed work, whether as regards plot, poetry or the delineation of character. He was nominated a mem- ber of the Academie Frangaise, and then officer of the Legion of Honor. At the solicitation of Mile. Rachel, Augier wrote "Diane," a piece in five acts. In 1868 his "Fils de Giboyer" had a great success. He may be said to have founded a new school in French dramatic literature. He died Oct. 25, 1889. AUGITE, an important mineral, in- teresting from its geological as well as its mineralogical relations. Dana applies the name to the greenish or brownish- black and black kinds of aluminous pyrox- ene, found chiefly in ei'uptive, but some- times also in metamorphic, rocks. When altered into hornblende it is called tralite. 23— Vol. I — Cyc Augite Was once suspected by many mineralogists to be essentially the same mineral as hornblende, differing only in this respect, that the former species re- sulted from rapid and the latter from slow cooling. But Dana separates the two, regarding hornblende as an alumi- nous variety of amphibole and not of pyroxene. Both are found in modern and in ancient volcanic products. AUGSBURG (ougs-porg), a city of south Germany, capital of Suabia, in the former Kingdom of Bavaria. It is situated on a large and fertile plain watered by the rivers Wertach and Lech, 35 miles N. W. of Munich. Augsburg was for ages one of the richest, most commer- cial and powerful of the free cities of the German Empire. Among noted buildings are the cathedral, arsenal, Abbey of St. Ulric, and the town hall, one of the finest edifices in Germany. Augsburg's great- est commercial importance arose from its being, next to Frankfort, the chief seat of banking and exchange operations in central Europe. A large trade is car- ried on in engraving, printing and book- selling. Augsburg was once of much greater population and importance than it is at present. It was founded by the Roman Emperor Augustus, 12 B. c. In the Middle Ages it became early dis- tinguished for its trade, and in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries attained to almost regal power and opulence. Augs- burg has been the theater of many memo- rable events. In addition to the proceed, ings of the Diet, with respect to the memorable confession of faith, there, in 1530, was concluded the peace which guaranteed the full enjoyment of their rights and liberties to the Protestants. Augsburg continued to be a free city until 1806, when Napoleon ceded it to Bavaria. Pop. about 125,000. AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF, the name given to the celebrated declaration of faith, compiled by Melanchthon, and revised by Luther and other reformers, f which was read before the Diet of Augs- ■ burg, June 25, 1530. It consisted of 28 articles, seven of which contained refuta- tions of Roman Catholic errors, and the remaining 21 set forth the leading tenets of the Lutheran creed. Soon after its promulgation, the last hope of inducing the Pontiff to reform the Roman Catholic Church was abandoned, and the complete severance of the connection followed. An answer by the Roman Catholics was read Aug. 3, 1530; when the Diet declared that it had been refuted. Melanchthon then drew up a somewhat different con* fession. The first is called the unaltered; the second the altered confession.