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LEFT ART, METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF 275 ARTAVASDES assume the same general laws as science does, yet it follows them only into such of their detailed consequences as have led to certain practical rules, and pries into every secret corner, as well as into the open stores of the household of sci- ence, bent on finding out the necessities of which she is in search, and which the exigencies of human life demand. The several arts may be arranged in two groups — (a) the mechanical, and, (b) the liberal or fine arts. The me- chanical arts are those which may be successfully followed by one who does not possess genius, but has acquired the fa- cility of working with his hands which long practice imparts. Such are the arts of the carpenter, the blacksmith, the watchmaker, etc. They are often called trades. The liberal or fine arts are such as give scope not merely to manual dex- terity, but to genius; as music, painting, sculpture, architecture, etc. The seven liberal arts, which, in the palmy days of Rome, plebians were not allowed to study, were thus divided: (1) The Trivium — viz., grammar, rhet- oric, and logic. (2) The Quadrivium — viz., arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy, ART, METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF, the chief art museum of New York City and the largest and most inclusive in the United States. It was established in 1870 and in the following year the State Legislature appropriated $500,000 for a building at Central Park. The first building of the museum was completed in 1879, and the center portion of the Fifth Avenue front was finished in 1902. It was built from designs prepared by Richard Morris Hunt and cost $1,200,000. A further appropriation was made in 1904 for the north part of the Fifth Avenue front. Additional extensions were mrde in 1907 and in years following. The total cost of the buildings of the museum is about $20„000,000. The museum is governed by a Board of Trustees se- lected from the Fellows of the institution which compose a corporation. It is ad- ministered by a director, secretary, treasurer, and other officials. The city appropiiates about $200,000 annually to- ward its support, while the remainder of the expenses, which amount to about $500,000, are met through contributions and through sums received for ad- mission on certain days. The museum possesses collections of the first rank. The department of paint- ings is especially notable for Flemish, Dutch, Old English, French, and Ameri- can masters. Many of the finest col- lections of antiquities are housed here. 19— Vol. I— Cyc These include the Cesnola collection of Cypriote antiquities; one of the largest Egyptian collections in the world, and many important and representative col- lections of sculpture, examples of decor- ative arts, and a notably large and fine collection of medieval armor. The museum has received from time to time large sums of legacies and be- quests. These include Jacob H. Rogers* bequest of about $7,000,000 in 1904, a bequest from Francis L. Leland of $1 - 000,000 in 1912, a bequest from Frederick T. Hewitt of $1,000,000, and other be- quests and gifts from other friends of the institution. The museum has held many notable exhibitions. Among the most important of these was the Hudson-Fulton Memo- rial exhibition of Dutch paintings and early memorial art, in 1909. There have also been displayed from time to time important loan collections including those of old masters and other objects of art of J- P. Morgan. Following the death of Mr. Morgan, his son gave to the museum a large portion of the wonder- ful collections of his father. To house these collections an additional wing was built called the Pierpont Morgan Wing. This was completed in 1918. The museum receives important accessions to its various collections each year. It carries on educational courses and it is yearly visited by an increased number of people. The director from 1910 was Edward Robinson, who succeeded Sir Caspar Purdon Clark. ART AB ANUS (-ba'nus) IV., the last of the Parthian monarchs. Having in- cited his subjects to revolt, he was cap- tured in 226, and put to death. Thus ended, in the 3d century, the Parthian empire. ARTABAZUS (-ba'zus), the name of several distinguished Persians under the djmasty of the Achaemenidae. When Xerxes advanced against Greece, an Ar- tabazus led the Parthians and Choras- mians. Another Artabazus was general under the Persian king, Artaxerxes II., and afterward revolted against Artax- erxes III. For this offense he was for- given, through the exertions of his brother-in-law, Mentor, a staunch sup- porter of the next king, Darius, whom we subsequently find Artabazus faithfully attending after the battle of Arbela. ARTAVASDES' (-vas'des) I., a King of Armenia, who succeeded his father Tigranes. He joined the Roman forces commanded by Crassus, but deserted to the enemy, causing the defeat of the Ro- mans, and the death of Crassus. He simi-