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LEFT AROMATIC VINEGAR 271 A^BAS mic, or cumic. There are also aromatic alcohols, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, and ketones. (2) A plant or a substance which exhales a fragrant odor, conjoined in general with a warm, pungent taste. AROMATIC VINEGAR, a very vol- atile and powerful perfume, made by adding the essential oils of lavender, cloves, etc., and often camphor, to crys- tallizable acetic acid. It is a powerful excitant in fainting, languor, and head- ache. AROOSTOOK, an American river ; rises in Piscataquis co., Me.; flows more than 120 miles in a circuitous course, receiving many important tributaries; and enters the St. John River in New Brunswick. It was an important factor in the settlement of the long-pending dis- pute concerning the boundary between the United States and British America. AROUET. See Voltaire. ARPAD, the conqueror of Hungary, and founder of the Arpad dynasty, which reigned till 1301, was born in the second half of the 9th century. He was the son of Almus, whom the seven Magyar clans dwelling in the steppes N. E. of the Caspian Sea had elected their hereditary chief about 889. Thus united into one nation, the Magyars, mustering about 25,000 warriors, crossed the Carpathians and conquered Hungary, when Arpad was elected their prince. Arpad was unable completely to transform their no- madic hordes into an agricultural nation. He died in 907. ARPEGGIO (ar-pej'6), the distinct sound of the notes of an instrumental chord; the striking the notes of a chord in rapid succession, as in the manner of touching the harp instead of playing them simultaneously. ARPENT (ar-pan), formerly a French measure for land, equal to five-sijaths of an English acre; but varying in differ- ent parts of France. ARPINO (ar-pe'no), a town of south Italy, province of Caserta, 94 miles N. W. of Naples. It is the ancient Arpinum, birthplace of Caius Marius, Agrippa, and Cicero; pop. about 10,000. ARQTJA (ar'kwa), a town of north Italy, 12 miles S. W. of Padua, in which province it is situated. It is famous for having been the residence of Petrarch during the greater part of his life, and the place where he died in 1374. His sarcophagus is still to be seen. ARQUEBUS, a hand-gun; a species of firearm resembling a musket, anciently used. It was fired from a forked rest, and sometimes cocked by a wheel, and carried a ball that weighed nearly two ounces. A larger kind used in fortresses carried a heavier shot. ARRACACHA, a genus of plants be- longing to the order apiacese, or umbel- lifers. A. esculenta is cultivated for the sake of its root which is used as an esculent in the elevated portions of equinoctial America. ARRACK, a term used, in the countries to which the Arabs have penetrated, for distilled spirits, especially those distilled from rice and the sap of palm trees. ARRAH, a town of British India, iv. Shahabad district, Bengal, rendered fa- mous during the mutiny of 1857 by the heroic resistance of a body of 20 civilians and 50 Sikhs, cooped up within a de- tached house, to a force of 3,000 Sepoys, who were ultimately routed and over- thrown by the arrival of a small Euro- pean reinforcement. Pop. about 50,000. ARRAIGNMENT, in the practice of criminal law the calling of a prisoner by his name to the bar of the court to an- swer the matter charged upon him in the indictment. ARRAS (ar-a'), a city of France, capital of the department of Pas-de- Calais, 60 miles S. E. of Calais, and 100 -^?>;..,t,jiX- TOWN HALL AT ARRAS, FRANCE, BEFORE THE WORLD WAR miles N. N. E. of Paris. It is a very ancient city, and previous to the World War was replete with fine old architec- tural remains, and also possessing a