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LEFT ARNOLD 269 ARNOLD OF BRESCIA across the wilds of the country to Quebec, to stir up rebellion there, and displace the British garrison. In this un- successful attempt Montgomery was killed BENEDICT ARNOLD and Arnold severely wounded. After this, we find him in various important commands, but as often involved in quar- rels with Congress and his fellow-officers, Washington valued him for his acts of daring, and would gladly have over- looked his faults; but Congress and his brother-officers regarded him with dis- like, and sought every possible means to humble and annoy him. After many dis- putes about the honor that was due to him for his services, he was invested with the government of Philadelphia. There his imprudence was most marked and he was court-martialed and reprimanded. Arnold felt humiliated, and decided to desert to the enemy, opening communi- cation with Sir Henry Clinton, British commander. Major Andre was sent by Sir Henry to negotiate with Arnold, and they had an interview near West Point, which fortress Arnold had offered to sur- render to the enemy. On his way to the British camp, however, the young ofiicer fell into the hands of the Ameri- cans, and the whole plot was of course discovered. The news of Andre's captui'e reached Arnold just in time to enable him to make his escape and reach the British camp in safety. There he re- tained his rank of brigadier-general, and fought with as much daring against the cause of American independence. After- ward he served in Nova Scotia and the West Indies, and at last settled in Lon- don, England, where he died June 14, 1801. ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN, an English poet and journalist, born at Gravesend, June 10, 1832. He was graduated at Oxford in 1853; taught for a while in Birmingham; and became principal of the Sanskrit College at Poona, in the Bombay Presidency. Returning to Lon- don in 1861, he joined the editorial staff of the "Daily Telegraph." He twice vis- ited the United States on lecture tours. Of his original poetry, inspired by Orien- tal themes and legends, the most famous work is "The Light of Asia, a Poetic Presentation of the Life and Teaching of Gautama" (1876). "Indian Idvlls" (1883) ; "Pearls of the Faith," "Sa'di in the Garden," "The Light of the World," "Potiphar's Wife and Other Poems," "In- dia Revisited," "Japonica," and "The Tenth Muse and Other Poems," are among his many works. He died March 24, 1904. ARNOLD, MATTHEW, an English poet, critic, and essayist, born at Lale- ham, Dec. 24, 1822; graduated at Ox- ford in 1844, and was Professor of Poetry there from 1857 to 1867. The degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred by the University of Edinburgh in 1869, and by Oxford in 1870. He was govern- ment inspector of schools from 1851, and repeatedly visited the Continent to in- quire into and report upon systems of education. In 1883-1884 he made a lec- turing tour through the United States. His works include "The Strayed Reveler and Other Poems" (1848) ; "Empedocles on Etna" (1853) ; "Merope," a tragedy (1857), and "New Poems" (1868). His prose writings comprise "Essays in Criticism" (1865, 2d series, 1888) ; "Lec- tures on the Study of Celtic Literature" (1867); "Culture and Anarchy" (1869); "Friendship's Garland" (1871), a humor- ous work; "Literature and Dogma" (1873) ; "Last Essays on Church and Religion" (1877); "Mixed Essays" (1879); "Irish Essays" (1882), and "Discourses on America" (1885). Arnold first became known as a poet of classical taste by the volume of poems and selec- tions issued under his name in 1854. He died in Liverpool, April 15, 1888. ARNOLD OF BRESCIA, one of the re- formers prior to the Reformation, a disciple of Abelard of Paris, and of Berengarius. As eai-ly as the middle of the 12th century, his bold spirit, his scriptural knowledge, and his eloquence, had succeeded in arousing France and Italy against the abuses of the Roman Church. Driven by the clergy from Italy, he sought refuge in Zurich, where he made many converts. At length, through the instigation of St. Bernard of