Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 01.djvu/332

LEFT ABMY WORM 268 ARNOLD ARMY WORM, the very destructive larva of the moth heliophila or leucania unipmictu, so called from its habit of marching in compact bodies of enormous number, devouring almost every green thing it meets. It is about IVa inches long, greenish in color, with black stripes, and is found in various parts of the world, but is particularly destructive in North America. The larva of sciara viilitaris, a European two-winged fly, is also called army worm. ARNAULD, the name of a French family, several members of which great- ly distinguished themselves. Antoine, an eminent French advocate, was born 1560, died 1619. Distinguished as a zealous defender of the cause of Henry IV., and for his powerful and successful defense of the University of Paris against the Jesuits in 1594. His fam- ily formed a nucleus of the sect of the Jansenists in France. His son Antoine, called the Great Amauld, was born Feb. 6, 1612, at Paris; died Aug. 9, 1694, at Brussels. He devoted himself to the- ology, and was received, in 1641, among the doctors of the Sorbonne. He en- gaged in all the quarrels of the French Jansenists with the Jesuits, the clergy, and the government, was the chief Jan- senist writer, and was considered their head. Excluded from the Sorbonne, he retired to Port Royal, where he wrote, in conjunction with his friend Nicole, a celebrated system of logic (hence called the "Port Royal Logic"). On ac- count of persecution he fled, in 1679, to the Netherlands. His works, which are mainly controversies with the Jesuits or the Calvinists, are very voluminous. His brother Robert, born in 1588, died in 1674, was a person of influence at the French court, but latterly retired to Port Royal, where he wrote a transla- tion of "Josephus" and other works. Rob- ert's daughter ANGfiLlQUE, born in 1624, died in 1684, was eminent in the reli- gious world, and was subjected to prose- cution on account of her unflinching ad- herence to Jansenism. ARNDT, ERNST MORITZ, a German writer and patriot, born at Schoritz, Isle of Rugen, Dec. 29, 1769. On the pub- lication, in 1806, of the first series of his "Spirit of the Times," which kindled pa- triotic enthusiasm throughout the Ger- man lands, he was compelled to take ref- uge in Sweden. In 1848, a member of the National Assembly, he belonged to the so-called imperial party, advocating the union of Germany under the leadership of Prussia. On his 90th birthday (1859) the whole nation united in paying him homage. Many of his poems have be- come national lyrics. Among them are "What is the German's Fatherland?" and "The Song of the Field Marshal." He died in Bonn, Jan. 29, 1860. ARNEE, one of the numerous Indian varieties of the buffalo (bubalis ami), remarkable as being the largest animal of the ox kind known. It measured about 7 feet high at the shoulders, and from 9 to 10^ feet long from the muz- zle to the root of the tail. It is found chiefly in the forests at the base of the Himalayas. ARNHEM (ar'nem), or ARNHEIM, a town in Holland, capital of province of Gelderland, 18 miles S. W. of Zutphen, on the right bank of the Rhine. It con- tains many interesting public buildings; manufactures cabinet wares, mirrors, carriages, mathematical instruments, etc.; has paper-mills, and its trade is important. In 1795 it was stormed by the French, who were driven from it by the Prussians in 1813. Pop. (1917) 70,664. ARNICA, a genus of plants belonging to the order asteracex, or composites; also the English name of plants belong- ing to the above-mentioned genus, and especially of the A. montaim, the moun- tain arnica, or German leopard's-bane. It is common in the alpine parts of Ger- many, Sweden, Lapland, and Switzer- land. It is a perennial, of a slightly fetid odor, and a bitterish, acrid taste. Given in large quantities it produces deleterious effects, but the powdered leaves, in mod- erate doses, of 5 to 10 grains, have been found serviceable in paralysis, con- vulsions, amaurosis, chlorosis, gout, and rheumatism. As an outward application, arnica is in constant use as a remedy for sores, wounds, bruises, and ailments of a similar kind. ARHO, a river of Italy, which rises in the Etruscan Apennines, makes a sweep to the south and then trends westward, divides Florence into two parts, washes Pisa, and falls, 4 miles below it, into the Tuscan Sea, after a course of about 130 miles. ARNOLD, BENEDICT, an American military officer, born in Norwich, Conn., Jan. 14, 1741. He was settled in exten- sive business at New Haven when the War of Independence broke out. After the news of the battle of Lexington, he raised a body of volunteers, and received a colonel's commission. After command- ing, for a short time, a small fleet upon Lake Champlain, he was with General Montgomery, charged with the difficult duty of leading a force of 1,100 men