Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 01.djvu/246

LEFT ANTINOMY 194 ANTIPAROS in a retractation by Agricola; but views more extreme than his were afterward advocated by some of the English sec- taries of the period of the Common- wealth; and without being formally pro- fessed by a distinct sect, antinomianism has been from time to time reproduced with various modifications. It ought, however, to be borne in mind that the term has no reference to the conduct, but only to the opinions, of men; so that men who practically disregard and vio- late the known law of God are not, there- fore, antinomians; and it is certain enough that men really holding opinions more or less antinomian have in many cases been men of moral life. Antino- mianism usually originates in mistaken notions of Christian liberty, or in con- fusion of views as to the relation between the moral law and the Jewish law of ceremonial ordinances. ANTINOMY, the opposition of one law or rule to another law or rule; in the Kantian philosophy, that natural contra- diction which results from the law of rea- son, when passing the limits of experi- ence, we seek to conceive the complex of external phenomena, or nature, as a world or cosmos. ANTINOTJS (an-tin'o-us), a young Bithynian whom the extravagant love of Hadrian has immortalized. He drowned himself in the Nile in 122 A. D. Hadrian set no bounds to his grief for his loss. He gave his name to a newly-discovered star, erected temples in his honor, called a city after him, and caused him to be adored as a god throughout the em- pire. Statues, busts, etc., of him are numerous. ANTIOCH (an'ti-ok), a famous city of ancient times, the capital of the Greek kings of Syria, on the left bank of the Orontes, about 21 miles from the sea, in a beautiful and fertile plain; founded by Seleucus Nicator in 300 B. c, and named after his father, Antiochus. In Roman times it was the seat of the Syr- ian governors, and the center of a wide- ly extended commerce. In the first half of the 7th century it was taken by the Saracens, and in 1098 by the Crusaders. They established the principality of An- tioch, of which the first ruler was Bo- hemond, and which lasted till 1268, when it was taken by the Mameluke Sultan of Egypt. In 1516 it passed into the hands of the Turks. The modern Antioch, or Antakieh, occupies but a small portion of the site of the ancient Antioch. Pop. about 30,000. There was another An- tioch, in Pisidia, at which Paul preached on his first missionary journey. ANTIOCH COLLEGE, a coeducational (non-sectarian) institution in Yellow Springs, O., organized in 1852; reported in 1919: Professors, 17; students, 165; president, G. D. Black. ANTIOCHUS (an-ti'o-kus), a name of several Grseco-Syrian kings of the dy- nasty of the Seleucidae. ANTIOCHUS I., called Soter (savior), was a son of Seleucus, general of Alex- ander the Great, and founder of the dy- nasty. He was born about B. C. 324, and succeeded his father in e. c. 280. Dur- ing the greater part of his reign he was engaged in a protracted struggle with the Gauls, who had crossed from Europe, and by whom he was killed in battle B. c. 261. ANTIOCHUS II., surnamed Theos (god), succeeded his father, lost several provinces by revolt, and was murdered in B. c. 246 by Laodice, his wife, whom he had put away to marry Berenice, daugh- ter of Ptolemy. ANTIOCHUS III., surnamed the Great, grandson of the preceding, was born B. C. 242, succeeded in B. c. 223. The early part of his reign embraced a series of wars, his expeditions extending to India, over Asia Minor, and into Europe, where he took possession of the Thracian Cher- sonese. Here he encountered the Romans, who had conquered Philip V. of Mace- don. Antiochus gained an important adviser in Hannibal, who had fled for refuge to his court. The Romans defeated him by sea and land, and he was finally overthrown by Scipio at Mount Sipylus, in Asia Minor, B. c. 190. He was killed while plundering a temple in Elymais. ANTIOCHUS IV., called Epiphanes, youngest son of the above, is chiefly re- markable for his attempt to extirpate the Jewish religion, and to establish in its place the polytheism of the Greeks. This led to the insurrection of the Mac- cabees, by which the Jews ultimately recovered their independence. He died B. c. 164. ANTIOQUIA (an-te-6-ke'a), a depart- ment of Colombia, South America. It has considerable mineral wealth. Area, 22,752 square miles. Pop. about 750,000. Capital, Medellin (pop. about 50,000). ANTIPjEDOBAPIST, one who is op- posed to the doctrine of infant baptism. ANTIPAROS (an-tip'ar-os), one of the Cyclades (islands), in the Grecian Archipelago, containing a famous stalac- titic grotto or cave. It lies S. W. of Paros, from which it is separated by a