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LEFT ANTIGUA 193 ANTINOMIANISM themselves against him; and a long se- ries of contests ensued in Syria, Phoeni- cia, Asia Minor, and Greece, ending in 301 B. C. with the battle of Ipsus in Phrygia, in which Antigonus was de- feated and slain. ANTIGUA (an-te'ga), one of the Brit- ish West Indies, the most important of the Leeward group; 28 miles long, 20 broad; area, 108 square miles; discovered by Columbus, 1493. Its shores are high and rocky; the surface is varied and fer- tile. The capital, St. John (pop. about 10,000), is the residence of the governor of the Leeward Islands. The staple ar- ticles of export are sugar, molasses, rum. Pop., including Barbuda and Redonda, about 40,000. ANTILLES (an-til'lez), another name for the West Indian islands, not includ- ing the Bahamas. Subdivided into Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles. ANTILOCHUS, in Greek legend, the son of Nestor, who fell at the siege of Troy by the hand of Memnon. ANTIMACHUS (an-tim'a-kus), a Greek epic and elegiac poet; flourished about 400 B. c. His chief works were the epic "Thebais," and an elegy on his dead love Lyde. ANTI-MASONIC PARTY, a political organization in opposition to Free- masonry. In 1826 William Morgan, a Freemason, living in Batavia, N. Y., was suspected of being in league vnth other Masons in preparing a revelation of Ma- sonic secrets. The report that Morgan, who had disappeared suddenly, had been abducted and drowned, caused much ex- citement, which finally gave rise to a political party. By 1832 the party had spread to other States and William Wirt was nominated for President, and Amos Ellmaker for Vice-President. This ticket was carried in Vermont only. In 1832 the party nearly elected Joseph Rit- ner Governor of Pennsylvania, and, in 1835, through a split in the Democratic Party, did elect him. From then on it disappeared as suddenly as it had come into existence. ANTI-MILITARISM. See MILITARISM. ANTIMONY, in chemistry, a triad metallic element, but in some less staple compounds it appears to be pentad. Sym- bol, Sb.; atomic weight, 122; sp. gr., 6.8; melting point, 450°. It can be distilled, but takes fire when strongly heated in the air, forming SbjOs. Antimony is a bright bluish-white, brittle, easily pul- verized metal, which occurs in Sb^Sn, and as cervanite, Sb204; also as valentinite and senarmonite, Sb^Oa. The metal is oo- tained by heating the sulphide with half its weight of metallic iron, or with potas- sium carbonate. It is oxidized by nitric acid, forming SbsOe. Type metal is an alloy of lead with 20 per c*nt. of anti- mony. Finely powdered antimony takes fire when thrown into chlorine gas. Salts of antimony are used in medicine, in large doses they are poisonous. Antimony is detected by the properties of its sulphide, chloride, and of SbHs. It is precipitated by metallic zinc and iron from its solutions as a black powder. In mineralogy, antimony occurs native, occasionally alloyed with a minute por- tion of silver, iron, or arsenic. It is very brittle. It occurs in Sweden, Germany, Austria, France, Borneo, Chile, Mexico, Canada, and New Brunswick. In pharmacy, black antimony consists of native sulphide of antimony fused and afterward powdered. It is not itself used as a drug, but is employed in preparing tartar emetic, sulphurated antimony, and terchloride of antimony. It is given to horses as an alterative powder; two parts of sulphur, one of saltpeter, and one of black antimony. It is used in the prep- aration of Bengal signal lights; six parts of saltpeter, two of sulphur, and one of black antimony. Chloride of antimony (SbCL) is a solution used as a caustic and escharotic; it is never given in- ternally. Sulphurated antimony con- sists of a sulphide of antimony with a small admixture of oxide of antimony. It enters into the composition of com- pound calomel pills. ANTINOMIANISM (Greek, anti, "against," and noTnos, "law"), the doc- trine or opinion that Christians are freed from obligation to keep the law of God. It is generally regarded, by advocates of the doctrine of justification by faith, as a monstrous abuse and perversion of that doctrine, upon which it usually professes to be based. The term was first used at the time of the Reformation, when it was applied by Luther to the opinions advo- cated by Johann Agricola. Agricola had adopted the principles of the Reforma- tion; but in 1527 he found fault with Melanchthon for recommending the us« of the law, and particularly of the ten commandments, in order to produce con- viction and repentance, which he deemed inconsistent with the Gospel. Ten years after, he maintained in a disputation at Wittenberg that, as men are justified simply by the Gospel, the law is in no way necessary for justification or for sanctification. The Antinomian contro- versy of this time, in which Luther took a very active part, terminated in 1540,