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LEFT ANGLESEY 177 ANGLING to Britain along with bands of Saxons and Jutes (and probably Frisians also), and colonized a great part of what from them has received the name of England, as well as a portion of the lowlands of Scotland. The Angles formed the largest body among the Germanic set- tlers in Britain, and founded the three kingdoms of East Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria. ANGLESEY (ang'gl-se), or ANGLE- SEA ("the Angles' island"), an island and county of north Wales, in the Irish Sea, separated from the mainland by the Menai strait; 20 miles long and 17 miles broad; area, 275 square miles. The chief agricultural products are oats and barley, wheat, rye, potatoes, and turnips. Numbers of cattle and sheep are raised. Anglesey yields a little copper, lead, sil- ver, ochre, etc. The chief market-towns are Beaumaris, Holyhead, Llangefni, and Amlwch. The county returns one mem- ber to Parliament. Pop. about 51,000. ANGLIA, EAST, a kingdom founded by the Angles (q. v.) about the middle of the 6th century, in the eastern part of central England, in what forms the present counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. At first to some extent dependent on Kent, and afterward on Mercia, on the fall of the latter it was attached to Wes- sex, without, however, losing its own kings until the time of the Danish inva- sion, when it was seized by the invaders and formed into a Danish kingdom under Guthrum (878). Edward, the son and successor of Alfred, after a long strug- gle, forced the Danes to acknowledge him in 921. Under him Wessex grew to be England, and East Anglia was hence- forward part and parcel of the king- dom. It was one of the four great earl- doms of the kingdom under Canute. ANGLICAN CHURCH, THE, means collectively that group of autonomous churches which are in communion with, or have sprung from, the mother Church of England. They are the following: The Church of Ireland, the Episcopal Church of Scotland, the Protestant Epis- copal Church of the United States of America, the Church of Canada, the Church of Australia, the Indian Church, and the Church of South Africa, which are all autonomous bodies under the ju- risdiction of their own metropolitans, and not amenable to the ecclesiastical courts of the Church of England, though they all look to the Archbishop of Can- terbury as patriarch. In addition to these autonomous churches in connection with the Anglican communion, there are 12 missionary bishops, representing the English Church in various remote re- gions of Asia, Africa, and America ; and three or four representing the Protestant Episcopal Church of America. See Protestant Episcopal Church; Re- formed Episcopal Church. ANGLIN, MARGARET FRANCES MARY, an actress born in Ottawa, Cana- da, in 1876. She was educated in a con- vent and studied at the Empire School of Dramatic Acting in New York. She first appeared on the stage in 1894. Afterward she was leading lady with many well-known actors, including E. H. Sothern, Richard Mansfield, and Henry Miller, and became one of the best-liked actresses on the American stage. She visited Australia and other foreign coun- tries. Among the most important plays in which she appeared were "Cyrano de Bergerac," "The Only Way," "The Great Divide," "Taming of the Shrew," "Twelfth Night," and revivals of several Greek tragedies. ANGLING, the art of catching fish with a hook, or angle (Anglo-Saxon ongel), baited with worms, small fish, flies, etc. We find occasional allusions to this pursuit among the Greek and Latin classical writers. The oldest work on the subject in English is the "Trea- tyse of Fysshinge with an Angle," printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 1496. Walton's inimitable discourse on angling was first printed in 1653. The chief appliances required by an angler are a rod, line, hooks, and baits. Rods are made of various materials, split-bamboo being preferred by experts. In length they may vary from 10 feet to more than double, with a corresponding difference in strength — a rod for salmon being necessarily much stronger than one suited for ordinary brook trout. The reel, an apparatus for winding up the line, is attached to the rod near the lower end, where the hand grasps it while fishing. The best are usually made of brass, are of simple construc- tion and so made as to wind or unwind freely and rapidly. That part of the line which passes along the rod and is i wound on the reel is called the reel line, and may vary from 20 to 100 yards in length, according to the size of the water and the habits of the fish angled for; it is usually made of twisted horse hair and silk, or of oiled silk alone. The cast- ing line, which is attached to this, is made of the same materials, but lighter and finer. To the end of this is tied a piece of fine gut, on which the hook, or hooks, are fixed. The casting or gut lines should decrease in thickness from the reel line to the hooks.